Objective To investigate the correlation between sleep duration and hypertension based on the data collected through smart wearable devices. Methods The data in this study were from Blood Pressure Health Study (initiated by China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care and executed by Chines PLA General Hospital). All participants were recruited online from 34 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. Based on our inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 1 706 adult participants with no history of hypertension were recruited to this study from December, 2021 to January, 2024. Huawei smart blood pressure watches were employed to measure and collect sleep and home blood pressure data, and their demographic information and medical history were collected through electronic questionnaires. Based on their baseline blood pressure, they were divided into hypertensive group [SBP ≥135 mmHg (1mmHg=0.133kPa) and/or DBP ≥85 mmHg, n=851] and non-hypertensive group (SBP <135 mmHg and DBP<85 mmHg). SPSS statistics 26.0 was used for data analysis. Data comparison between the two groups was performed using student′s t test or Chi-square test depending on data type. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the cross-sectional relationship between sleep duration and hypertension. Results Among the 1 706 participants, there were 1 519 males (89.04%) and 187 females (10.96%), with an average age of (44.87±11.52) years, a body mass index (BMI) of (24.99±3.33) kg/m², a sleep duration of (7.35±1.10) h, SBP of (125.97±11.75) mmHg, DBP of (84.66±8.45) mmHg, and a heart rate of (77.43±9.63) beats/min. In the participants with different sleep durations (≥9,7-<9,5-<7 and <5 h), there was a significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension (45.26% vs 48.16% vs 52.63% vs 67.65%; P=0.046), indicating an increasing trend in hypertension prevalence with shorter sleep duration. Multivariate logistic regression analysis without adjusting for confounding factors showed that compared to the group with a sleep duration of 7-<9 h, the group with a duration of ≥9 h (OR=0.890, 95%CI 0.583-1.358; P=0.589) and the group of 5-<7 h (OR=1.196, 95%CI 0.974-1.469; P=0.088) showed no statistical difference in hypertension risk, and the group with a duration of <5 h (OR=2.250, 95%CI 1.086-4.665; P=0.029) had an increased risk of hypertension. After adjusting for all available confounding factors (age, gender, BMI, high-salt diet habits, smoking/alcohol history, history of sleep apnea syndrome, diabetes history, history of chronic kidney disease, etc.), compared to the participants with a sleep duration of 7-<9 h, the group with a sleep duration of ≥9 h (OR=0.952, 95%CI 0.606-1.495; P=0.831) and the group with a sleep duration of 5-<7 h (OR=1.056, 95%CI 0.848-1.315; P=0.625) showed no statistically significant difference in hypertension risk, whereas those with a sleep duration of <5 h (OR=2.238, 95%CI 1.026-4.884; P=0.043) still had an increased risk of hypertension. Conclusion There is no significant correlation between mild shortfall and excessive sleep duration and hypertension risk, but obvious association is found between excessively short sleep duration and an increased risk of hypertension.