Objective To observe the effectiveness of hearing aids in the senile deaf patients and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods Clinical data of 102 senile deaf patients wearing hearing aids admitted to Qionghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2021 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The international outcome inventory for hearing aids (IOI-HA) was evaluated after admission, and patients with different clinical characteristics were compared for the total IOI-HA score. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. Depending on the data type, t test or ANOVA were used for inter-group comparison. Influencing factors on effectiveness of hearing aids in the elderly patients with age-related hearing loss were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The total IOI-HA score of 102 elderly patients with hearing loss was (24.18±7.84) points. There were significant differences in total scores of IOI-HA between patients in the aspects of education level, duration of hearing aids wearing, deafness severity and wearing side (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an education level at junior high school (OR=3.245,95%CI 1.337-7.876), wearing one hearing aid (OR=2.195,95%CI 1.032-4.669), duration of hearing aid wearing<4 months (OR=4.513,95%CI 1.395-14.600), and mild deafness (OR=2.447,95%CI 1.208-4.957) were the influencing factors on effectiveness of hearing aids in the patients with senile deafness. Conclusion The effectiveness of hearing aids in the senile deaf patients is affected by multiple factors, such as education level, wearing side, duration of hearing aids wearing and severity of deafness, which should be paid attention to in clinical treatment.