Objective To investigate frailty in the elderly inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 260 elderly COPD inpatients in China Resources WISCO General Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected by convenience sampling. A self-made questionnaire was used to gather patients′ general information. The patient′s frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale. Hemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the influencing factors of frailty in the elderly COPD inpatients. SPSS statistics 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was perfomed using t test or χ² test depending on data type.Results A total of 260 questionnaires were distributed and 260 (100.00%) were recovered. Among the 260 patients, 67 (25.77%) developed frailty. Gender, age, smoking, exercise habits, nutritional status, disease severity and lung function were the influencing factors for frailty in the elderly COPD inpatients (P<0.05). The levels of hemoglobin and 25-OH-D in the frailty group were significantly lower than those in the non-frailty group, the levels of IL-6 in the frailty group were significantly higher than those in the frail group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed gender, age, smoking, exercise habits, nutritional status, disease severity, lung function, low hemoglobin expression, low 25-OH-D expression, and high IL-6 expression were risk factors for frailty in the elderly COPD inpatients (OR＝3.174,1.556,3.162,1.735,2.649,5.089,2.162,1.314,1.974,2.173; P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of frailty among the elderly COPD inpatients in the hospital in Wuhan is high and is affected by gender, age, smoking, exercise habits, nutritional status, disease severity, lung function, hemoglobin, 25-OH-D, and IL-6 levels. Reasonable clinical intervention should be offered to reduce the incidence of frailty.