Sepsis induced acute lung injury (ALI) is common clinically, with high incidence rate and mortality. Mitochondrial quality control plays a crucial role in sepsis induced ALI, including mitochondrial biosynthesis, mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitophagy. Impairment of mitochondrial quality control can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to programmed death of pulmonary endothelial cells, which is an important mechanism for pathogenesis of ALI. Therefore, in recent years many studies have focused on the mitochondrial quality control as a targeted treatment strategy for sepsis induced ALI. In this study, we reviewed the recent research progress of mitochondrial quality control in septic induced ALI, hoping to provide theoretical reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of septic induced ALI.