The coexistence of cognitive impairment and frailty in the elderly patients with diabetes mellitus is called cognitive frailty, which has become a new complication of the elderly diabetic patients, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, disabilities, hospitalization, and death. Taking timely intervention measures can delay or even prevent the development of dementia and reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. However, there has not been a consensus on the diagnostic criteria and evaluation methods of cognitive frailty in the elderly diabetic patients. In this paper, we reviewed the concept, status quo, evaluation, and intervention of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus to provide reference for future research.