Objective To investigate the oral health status and related quality of life in community-dwelling elderly population and analyze the related influencing factors. Methods Totally 1020 elderly people from 5 communities in Haikou City were selected as the subjects of investigation by multi-stage random sampling method. According to the standards of the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological survey, the oral health status of the elderly population was examined, and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OH-QoL). SPSS statistics 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was perfomed using t test, analysis of variance or χ² test depending on data type. The meaningful indicators in univariate analysis were used as independent variables and the GOHAI index score was used as the dependent variable, and multivariate linear regression model analysis was applied to analyze the related factors affecting the OH-QoL in community elderly population. Results Among 1020 questionnaires distributed, 920(95.25%) valid questionnaires were collected in this study, and the total average score of GOHAI in the elderly was (53.79±11.17) points. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that 9 variables such as the number of missing teeth, status of missing teeth deep periodontal pocket, the number of crown caries, the number of root caries, the convenience of medical treatment, the number daily teeth brushing frequency, the use of toothpick or dental floss, and the habit of dental visit might affect the OH-QoL of the elderly(P<0.05), and the fitting model could explain 54.30% of the total variation. Conclusion Oral health status is an important factor affecting OH-QoL in elderly population, and good oral hygiene habits can enhance the OH-QoL in the elderly.