The fatality rate and the total burden of chronic diseases are increasing day by day, and thus its prevention and control is particularly important. The key to the prevention and control of the chronic diseases lies in good patients′ self-management, and the premise of effective self-management is to have a good self-efficacy in chronic disease management. This article introduced the concept, significance and state quo of self-efficacy in chronic disease management, summarized the types, reliability and validity of the assessment tools, compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the current assessment tools, and discussed issues to be focused on, with a view to providing a reference for the introduction, development, and construction of specific assessment tools and their scientific choice.