Objective To analyze genes related to coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and to explore potential new mechanisms for CHD using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Methods The gene expression profile dataset of CHD patients and healthy controls was searched and retrieved from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CHD patients and controls were identified using GEO2R analysis of the processed GSE71226 dataset. Visual correlation analysis was performed using the R language ggplot2 package. Results A total of 575 DEGs were screened. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was further constructed to visualize the DEGs and identify the genes. Gene ontology pathway enrichment analysis showed that the top 15 signaling pathways upregulating and downregulating DEGs were involved in biological processes, including insulin secretion, cardiac conduction system, growth hormone secretion, etc. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that upregulating and downregulating DEGs were mainly related to sequence-specific DNA replication, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), fat digestion and absorption, and other related signaling pathways. PPI network interaction diagram showed five central genes (SST, BBS10, CCK, POMC, HSPA9), among which SST was closely related to the pathogenesis of CHD. Conclusion The hub regulatory genes of CHD include SST, BBS10, CCK, POMC, HSPA9, probably participating in the pathogenesis of CHD through DNA replication, cAMP, fat digestion and absorption, and other related signal pathways.