Neutrophils, involved in pathogen clearance and early inflammatory responses, are an important part of the immune system. However, in recent years, more and more studies have shown that neutrophils mediate inflammatory responses and promote fibrosis by forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis has been attracting attention. The review first introduces the structures, functions, and formation of NETs, then summarizes their role in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated interstitial lung disease (SLE-ILD) in reference to the pathogenesis of other autoimmune diseases, and finally proposes prospective therapeutic targets of NETs in autoimmune disease-related ILD.