The changes of myocardial energy metabolism play an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. In recent years, it has been found that the increase of plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs) and its metabolites is an important feature of heart failure, and forms a malignant feedback loop, which will eventually lead to the progression of heart failure. By promoting the catabolism of BCAAs, reducing the accumulation of metabolites and restoring the metabolic balance of BCAAs are expected to become a new target for the treatment of heart failure. This article reviews the association between abnormal metabolism of BCAAs and heart failure.