Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease, and its pathogenesis is related to many factors. Although the etiology of IBD remains unclear, intestinal flora is considered to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of IBD. Intestinal flora has been proven to play an important role in the development and activation of the intestinal immune system. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may induce or aggravate IBD, but the underlying mechanism is not yet fully illustrated. Evidence shows that treatment regimens based on regulation of intestinal flora have a certain positive effect on IBD. In this article, we review the recent researches on dysbiosis-implicated IBD and related treatments.