Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death in the world, and acute myocardial infarction is the most common cardiovascular disease. There may be a correlation between myocardial infarction and cognitive impairment, but the exact mechanism of cognitive decline remains unknown. Myocardial infarction with comorbid cognitive impairment negatively affects the prognosis, and the poor long-term prognosis may be associated to inadequate treatment. Population aging and increasing medical interventions necessitate specific strategies to improve therapeutic effect. This paper reviews the mechanism of cognitive impairment in patients with myocardial infarction, the influence of endpoint events and the research progress in treatment strategies.