With the acceleration of population aging and the increasing economic burden of aging related diseases, the research on aging has received unprecedented attention. However, although many achievements have been made in molecular biology, clinical medicine and epidemiology, there are still many difficulties in aging assessment due to the complex forms, various contents, different standards and lack of sensitive biological markers. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize the methods of aging assessment and the research progress of common and emerging biomarkers in the assessment.