As the population ages, dementia has become a major disease posing serious threaten to the health and quality of life of the elderly. The patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at high risk of developing dementia; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of MCI are of great significance. MCI research has been mainly focused on low cost, biomarkers with high specificity and high sensitivity, neuroimaging diagnostic methods, and effective ways to prevent further decline in cognitive function.This review, accordingly, summarized the latest progress in MCI diagnosis and treatment in recent years.