Objective To investigate the effects of high-flux hemodialysis (HFHD) on the nutrition, immunity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the elderly patients with uremia. Methods Included in this study were 112 elderly patients with uremia treated in the Nephrology Department of Beijing Aerospace Hospital from January 2014 to December 2017. The patients were randomly divided into the control group (n=56) and the observation group (n=56), the former receiving routine hemodialysis and the latter receiving high-flux hemodialysis treatment both for 6 months. Data of the two groups were collected before and at 6 month after the treatment, including hemoglobin (Hb), plasma total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C4, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG), IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and CRP. Analysis of the two groups was made in the aspects of nutrition, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, immune indices and inflammation before and after treatment. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Student′s t test or Chi-square test was employed for comparison between two groups. Results The observation group had statistically significantly higher(P<0.05) recordings than the control group after treatment in Hb [(136.28±14.25) vs(98.53±12.26)g/L], TP[(69.85±6.12) vs(62.37±5.50)g/L], Alb[(37.92±3.80) vs(31.65±3.37)g/L], PA[(312.70±63.28) vs(242.18±46.27)mg/L], IgA[(1.97±0.43) vs(1.58±0.30)g/L], IgM[(1.53±0.26) vs(1.16±0.18)g/L], IgG[(10.92±2.17) vs(9.35±1.60)g/L], C3[(1.26±0.18) vs(1.05±0.15)g/L], and C4[(0.82±0.11) vs(0.54±0.07)g/L], but significantly lower recordings (P<0.05) in blood phosphorus[(1.84±0.31) vs(3.20±0.56)mmol/L], PTH[(60.54±3.38) vs(107.43±7.56)mmol/L], β₂-MG[(9.13±2.28) vs(20.82±3.27)mg/L], IL-6[(197.42±40.63) vs(324.73±52.14)ng/L], IL-8[(194.25±20.83) vs(237.15±28.60)ng/L], TNF-α[(385.20±63.57) vs(468.37±71.40)ng/L] and CRP[(5.12±1.38) vs(6.30±1.54)mg/L]. Conclusion HFHD can effectively improve the immune function and nutritional status and reduce serum inflammatory factors in the elderly uremic patients.