Objective To investigate the value of probiotics in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection in the elderly. Methods A total of 120 elderly patients with H.pylori infection in our hospital from January to October 2014 were enrolled in this study, and they were randomly and equally divided into probiotics treatment group and control group according to age and gender. The patients in the control group were given standard quadruple therapy (amoxicillin+clarithromycin+rabeprazole+colloidal bismuth pectin), while those in the treatment group were given standard quadruple therapy in combination with triple clostridium butyricum enterococcus tablet. The course of treatment was 14 d for both groups. The eradication of H.pylori was redetermined by the ¹³C urea breath test (¹³C-UBT) in 4 weeks after treatment. The eradication rate of H.pylori and incidence of adverse drug reaction were observed and compared between the 2 groups. Results In total, 117 patients completed the study.Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis indicated that the eradication rate of H.pylori was 83.33% and 71.67% respecitvely in the treatment and control groups, and that was 86.21% and 72.88% by per-protocol (PP) analysis. The eradication rate was higher in the treatment group than the control group by both ITT and PP analyses, though without significant differences between them (P>0.05). In 1 year after the treatment, the eradication rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than the other (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 10.34% in the treatment group, significantly lower than that of the control group (27.12%, P<0.05). Drug tolerance of the treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Probiotics combined with standard quadruple therapy effectively promotes the eradication rate of H.pylori, and obviously reduces adverse drug reactions.