Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia, and characterized by its insidious onset, slow process of development, and complex pathophysiological changes. In present, there is still no an explicit, specific and reliable laboratory diagnostic method, especially for its early diagnosis. However, with the progress on its pathogenesis and the development of detection techniques, more and more assisted diagnostic techniques captured the attention of many scientists. For example, structural magnetic resonance (sMRI) is used to assess brain atrophy, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect reduced cerebral blood flow and metabolism, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to evaluate the fibre connections in various areas of the brain. Besides, the detection of Aβ1-42/1-40, and tau and its phosphate product in the cerebrospinal fluid also plays important roles in the diagnosis of AD. What’s more, because Raman spectroscopy has been valued for its unique advantages in the detection of components from organic or inorganic mixtures, it is gradually applied in the study of AD pathogenesis. Herein, we summarized the feasibility and prospect of Raman spectroscopy on peripheral blood for the diagnosis of AD, and expected it to be helpful for clinicians to make decision and be beneficial to scientific research.