Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of primary bone lymphoma (PBL). Methods Clinical data of 42 PBL patients admitted in our hospital from 2006 to 2014 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. They were 24 males and 18 females, at an age ranging from 11 to 78 (median 45.6) years. Their clinical data, including sex, age, systemic symptoms, location of disease, clinical stage, pathological type, treatment regimen, and efficacy evaluation, were collected. They were followed up till March 2015 through phone call follow-up or outpatient revisit. Results Pain in the lesion and numbness in the surrounding area were the first presentation in all the patients. Their pathological types were all identified as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), mainly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, 21/42, 50%). Among them, 17 subjects received medical treatment, including 5 with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and 12 with simple chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in short-term efficacy between two groups (P>0.05). After 4 courses of treatment, short-term effect evaluation showed age, sex, stage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, systemic symptoms, pathological type, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, international prognostic index (IPI), retuximab injection, and combination with radiotherapy had no obvious effects on complete remission (CR) in the subjects (P>0.05). During the median follow-up of 13(2-48) months, 3 patients of the 4 patients with >3 years progression-free survival received retuximab injection. Conclusion Among the 42 subjects, DLBCL is the main pathological type. Chemotherapy is the main treatment, and combination of radiotherapy has no obvious effect. Retuximab injection may improve prognosis, but further research with a larger sample size is still needed.