Objective To determine the effects of relative factors of peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) on the prognosis based on clinical data in order to provide references for monitoring clinical condition and predicting prognosis of the disease. Methods Clinical data of 76 PTCL patients were enrolled firstly, but 11 patients were lost to follow-up. So a total of 65 cases with complete medical records admitted in our department from January 2005 to December 2014 were finally enrolled and retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used. Univariate analysis was employed to analyze age, gender, clinical stage, international prognostic index (IPI), B symptoms, hemoglobin (Hb), serum β2 microglobulin (β2-MG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum albumin (ALB). treatment protocol, pathological classification, primary site, prognostic index (PIT) for PTCL-unspecified (PTCL-U), and bone marrow infiltration. And then, Cox regression model was carried out to perform multivariate analysis on those statistically significant parameters from univariate analysis. Results Among the cohort of 65 patients, 25 of them suffered from PTCL-U, 10 from extranodal natural killer cell (NK)/T lymphocytes-nasal type, 9 from angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), and 9 from anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Univariate analysis showed that patients older than 60 years had a poor prognosis than those younger (P＝0.008). The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in the patients at Ann Arbor stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ than those at Ⅲ/Ⅳ (74.4% vs 19.0%, P＝0.011). The 5-year survival rate was 85.7%, 52.5%, 0.0% and 0.0%, respectively for the patients with IPI score as low, low-medium, high-medium, and high risk (P＝0.004). The patients with elevated LDH at diagnosis had poorer prognosis than those with normal or reduced values (P＝0.048), so did the patients with lower ALB than those with normal ALB (P＝0.008). The patients with extranodal lymphoma as primary site had better prognosis than those with intranodal. The 5-year survival rate was 92.3%, 85.7%, 17.4% and 0.0%, respectively for the patients with PIT score of 0, 1, 2 and ≥3 (P＝0.002). Multivariate analysis indicated that PIT score was an independent prognostic factor for PTCL (P＝0.002). Conclusion Age, clinical stage, IPI score, LDH, ALB, pathological classification, primary site and PIT index are prognostic factors, and PIT score is an independent prognostic factor for PTCL.