Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) refers to a common breathing and sleep disorder during sleep characterized by consequent decreases in oxygen saturation and arousals from sleep, with repetitive episodes of either complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) obstruction of the upper airway caused by structural abnormality of upper airway or nervous system disease, and is closely correlated to nervous system diseases. This article summarized the associations of OSAS with many nervous system diseases, including stroke, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, seizure, cognitive disorder, vestibular system dysfunction, cerebral venous thrombosis, autonomic nerve dysfunction, depression-anxiety, pain and cerebral white matter diseases, so as to arouse the clinical neurologists to concern and pay attention to OSAS.