Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of steady direct current (DC) electric fields (EFs) on neointimal hyperplasia after abdominal aorta balloon injury in rabbit model. Methods A total of 65 healthy Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into control group, sham-operation group and experiment group. The experiment group was further divided into 3.0V group and 4.0V group, in which corresponding interventions of DC EFs were applied. The abdominal aorta balloon injury models were firstly established, and then the electrodes were implanted into the bilateral psoas major muscle in sham-operation and experiment groups. The rabbits were sacrificed after 1, 2 and 4 weeks, and the vascular specimens were collected. Neointimal hyperplasia was observed using HE staining. Expressions of type-I and type-Ⅲ collagen were detected by sirius red staining and Western blot. Results There was no difference in the tunica intima/media ratio between sham-operation group and experiment group at 1 week post-operatively. Two weeks and four weeks after the balloon injury, the tunica intima/media ratios in the 3.0V and 4.0V groups were smaller than those in control group (P＜0.01), but there was no significant difference between 3.0V and 4.0V groups (P＞0.05). Sirius red staining showed that the expressions of type-I and type-Ⅲ collagen protein in the neointimal of 3.0V and 4.0V groups were lower than those in control group. Western blot showed that there was no significant difference in type-I and type-Ⅲ collagen expression between experiment group and sham-operation group at 4 weeks after the operations. Conclusion Application of steady DC EFs can inhibit neointimal hyperplasia and reduce collagen expression after the abdominal aorta balloon injury in rabbit model. Steady DC EFs inhibits type-I and type-Ⅲ collagen expression in new formed neointima, but not in the vascular wall.