With the aging population, the prevalence of vascular dementia is rising. Vascular dementia is a multi-factor process. Its risk factors include age, gender, education, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoke and alcohol abuse, heart disease, anemia, ApoE gene, homocysteine, etc. Vascular dementia(VD) is the only kind of dementia that can be prevented. Its preventive measures can reduce the occurrence of vascular dementia. Therefore exploring the risk factors for VD is particularly important. This article aims to make a summary for the research on the risk factors of VD.