【Abstract】The cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) which consists of sympathetic and vagal (parasympathetic) nerves plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Catheter ablation focusing on atrial ganglionated plexus (GP) has become the first-line or adjuvant therapeutic strategy for AF. However, there is of growing concern about the nervous and atrial remodeling induced by GP ablation.