Objective To explore the status of frailty and oral health in elderly inpatients and analyze the impact of oral health on frailty, so as to provide evidence for targeted intervention. Methods A total of 700 elderly inpatients were subjected from the Geriatric Hospital of Shaanxi Provincial People′s Hospital from May to November 2022 by convenience sampling. All of them were investigated by the general information sheet, geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI), and Tilburg frailty index (TFI). Among them, 685 patients had valid questionnaires. According to the score of TFI, they were divided into non-frailty (n=347) and frailty (n=338) groups. Their general data and status of oral health were compared between the two groups. SPSS statistics 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test was employed for comparison between groups depending on data type. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between frailty and oral health. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of frailty. Results The ratio of frailty was 49.3% (338/685) in the subjected elderly inpatients, and the score of GOHAI was 54 (48,57) points, which was at a medium level. The total score of GOHAI and the scores of each dimension were significantly lower in the frailty group than the non-frailty group (P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that oral health was negatively correlated with frailty (r=-0.599, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age (OR=1.043,95%CI 1.009-1.079), unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR=2.226,95%CI 1.176-4.211), poly-pharmacy (OR=1.986,95%CI 1.329-2.968), larger number of decayed teeth (OR=1.054,95%CI 1.016-1.093), oral ulcer in the past year (OR=1.930,95%CI 1.111-3.351), and medium (OR=4.345,95%CI 2.437-7.747) and low (OR=9.149,95%CI 4.454-18.795) levels of oral health were risk factors for frailty in the elderly inpatients, while physical exercise (OR=0.596,95%CI 0.403-0.881) was a protective factor (all P<0.05). Conclusion Oral health is closely associated with frailty in elderly inpatients. The lower the level of oral health, the higher the incidence of frailty. Medical staff should pay more attention to the identification and screening of oral health in the elderly, include oral health into the health management for the frail elderly, and delay the severity of frailty through active early intervention.