Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of cognitive function in the disabled elderly in China. Methods Using 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS 2018),1044 people aged ≥ 60 years were selected for the study, whose disability was assessed with instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) and cognition with mini-mental state examination (MMSE). SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. Depending on the data type, comparison between groups was performed using t-test or analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors of the cognitive function in the disabled elderly. Results Cognitive function among the disabled elderly averaged (18.84±6.53) points, with a cognitive impairment of 56.13%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that education level, depression, marital satisfaction, air quality satisfaction and pension insurance were predictive of the cognitive function in the disabled elderly (P＜0.05). Conclusion The cognitive function in the disabled elderly in China is not optimistic. We need to take active measures to prevent cognitive decline in the disabled elderly, promote the realization of healthy aging.