Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) with “trailing sign” anchoring bone cement in the treatment of senile patients with Kummell′s disease. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 33 aged patients with Kummell′s disease in our department from August 2014 to August 2017. According to the surgical procedure, they were divided into observation group (treated by PKP with “trailing sign”, n=16) and control group (routine PKP, n=16). The incidence rates of intra- and post-operative complications were compared between the 2 groups. All patients were followed up for 24 months. Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Cobb′s angle before and at 1d and 24 months after surgery were compared between the 2 groups. SPSS statistics 18.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Student′s t test or Chi-square test was employed for comparison between the two groups. Results The operations were successfully completed on all 33 patients. There were no statistical differences in operation time [(55.46±7.63) vs (53.56±8.54)min] and amount of cement used [(5.8±0.6) vs (5.6±0.8)ml] between the two groups (P>0.05). In 24 months after surgery, the Cobb angle [(14.23°±1.85°) vs (17.54°±2.02°)] was statistically decreased, while the anterior height [(1.75±0.42) vs (1.39±0.61)cm] and midline height [(1.69±0.61) vs (1.35±0.34)cm] of injured vertebrae were increased significantly in the observation group than the control group (all P<0.05). The former group had obviously lower incidence rate of post-operative complications than the latter group [6.3%(1/16) vs 41.2%(7/17), P<0.01]. Conclusion Both PKP with “trailing sign” and routine PKP can achieve good short-term outcome in the treatment of Kummell′s disease in the elderly, but the former procedure effectively reduces the risk of bone cement displacement in long-term follow-up.