Metastatic encephaloma is the most common malignant tumor in the brain, and most primary tumors originate in the lungs. Brain metastasis of lung cancer results in poor prognosis and high mortality rate, with a natural survival of about 1-2 months and median survival of only 4-12 months even after active treatment. Current studies have shown that the prognosis of lung cancer patients with brain metastasis is closely related to imaging technology, radiotherapy technology, and surgical modality. With the improvement of radiotherapy technology and surgical methods, and the continuous development and utilization of targeted drugs in recent years, the survival of the patients has been largely prolonged, and the life quality has been significantly improved. This paper reviews systematically the research progress in brain metastasis of lung cancer in the aspects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical treatment and small molecule targeted treatment.