As population aging aggravates, fall injury has become a major public health threat affecting the physical and mental health of the elderly, not only bringing inconvenience to their own lives but also causing mental and economic burden of various degrees to their families and society. Previous studies have found that cognitive impairment, abnormal gait, poor balance, and poor home environment are potential risk factors for falls in the elderly. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate more thoroughly the risk factors for falls in elderly people and to formulate scientific, rational and individualized interventions to prevent falls in time, with a view to improving the survival rate and quality of life of the elderly at home and reducing the burden of family and society.