High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is one of the effective surgical options for knee osteoarthritis. It mainly transfers stress to the lateral compartment by changing the force line of the lower limbs, thus reducing the pressure of the medial compartment, alleviating pain and discomfort of the knee joint, and retaining the original structure of the knee joint. Its clinical efficacy is ascertained. This article reviewed the research progress of HTO in the respects of indications, contraindications, orthopedic mechanism, surgical techniques, fixation methods, post-operative rehabilitation, and survival rate.