Objective To analyze the risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) complication in essential hypertension (EH) patients ≥80 years of age. Methods A total of 1 555 elderly EH patients aged over 65 years old admitted to our department during March 2014 and June 2017 were enrolled in this study. They were assigned into ≥80-year-old group (n=575) and <80-year-old group (n=980). Their clinical data were collected and analyzed. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used to analyze the data, and logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors for CKD. Results Compared with <80-year-old group, ≥80-year-old group had significantly higher incidence of CKD (52.9% vs 29.5%, P<0.05). In ≥80-year-old EH patients, the risk factors for CKD were hyperuricemia (OR=2.514, 95%CI 1.750-3.611; P<0.001), age (OR=1.072,5%CI 1.018-1.129; P=0.009) and systolic blood pressure (OR=1.019,5%CI 1.011-1.028; P<0.001), and the protective factor was high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR=0.516, 95%CI 0.315-0.847; P=0.009). While, for <80-year-old EH patients, the risk factors were hyperuricemia (OR=2.729, 95%CI 1.991-3.740; P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.944,5%CI 1.420-2.662; P<0.001), age (OR=1.140, 95%CI 1.101-1.182; P=0.009) and systolic blood pressure (OR=1.009,5%CI 1.003-1.016; P=0.007), and the protective factor was high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR=0.448,5%CI 0.278-0.722; P=0.001). Conclusion The incidence rate of CKD in ≥80-year-old EH patients is obviously higher than that in <80-year-old EH patients. The complication of CKD is associated with age, hyperuricemia, systolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in ≥80-year-old EH patients.