Objective To survey the current status of chronic diseases in 92 longevous old people living in Zhongxiang City in order to provide a scientific basis to improve their quality of life. Methods According to the demographic information provided by Zhongxiang Bureau of Civil Affairs, 92 longevous people (≥90 years old) who were residents in 11 villages or towns were visited and surveyed during January 2013 and April 2017. They were 18 males and 74 females, and at an age of 90-113 (99.3±4.7) years. Comprehensive health assessment and chronic diseases survey were carried out on the subjects by trained staffs. The differences between the males and the females were investigated. SPSS statistics 20.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Student’s t test, Chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test was employed for the comparison between the 2 groups. Results The results of the comprehensive health assessment showed that the longevous subjects were in good health. Most of them could take care of themselves and complete daily activities such as dressing, bathing and walking. Some subjects (41.30%, 38/92) had normal cognition, while some (46.74%, 43/92) had mild cognitive dysfunction, but were able to communicate well with their relatives and others. Only 18.48% (17/92) of the participants had depressive symptoms. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF Scale showed that the elderly had good quality of life and high self-satisfaction. Compared with the female subjects, the male ones had higher ratio of living alone (χ²=7.031, P<0.05), lower ratio of illiteracy (χ²=9.218, P<0.05), and higher ratio of smoking history (χ²=31.2, P<0.001). Each person suffered from 1 to 7 (3.13±1.32) kinds of chronic diseases. Only 10.87%(10/92) participants had only 1 chronic disease, 88.04%(81/92) had 2 to 6 kinds, and 1.09%(1/92) had even 7 kinds. Among the 16 common chronic diseases, the top 3 were hypertension (72.83%, 67/92), malnutrition and risk of malnutrition (61.95%, 57/92), anddyslipidemia 58.70% (54/92). There was no significant difference in the comorbid conditions between the male and female subjects (P>0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension is the highest, while those of diabetes, dementia and cancer are quite low in the longevous people in Zhongxiang City. Although most of them suffer from a variety of chronic diseases, they still can complete basic daily activities and enjoy good mental status. However, improving their nutritional status and being cautious for falls are of great significance to reduce their morbidity and thus improve their quality of life.