With the improvement of living standard and change of life style, the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and even that of end-stage renal disease were increasing day by day. There are various causes for the deterioration of renal function in the CKD patients. More and more evidences show that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation are closely associated with the CKD progression. This paper briefly summarized the relationship of SNS and RAAS activation with progression of renal diseases, and introduced some studies concerning the relevant treatments.