Reperfusion therapy can also lead to the new injury in the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which was known as ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI). The pathogenesis of IRI is complex, and there is still no effective treatment. Recent studies showed that the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in IRI, and is expected to be a new target to reduce IRI. It is of great significance to investigate the role of ERS in the occurrence and development of IRI and its relationship with the cardiomyocyte death in the improvement of the prognosis of AMI patients.