Pancreatic cancer (PC), a highly malignant tumor of digestive system, is often diagnosed in the late stage and usually too late for surgical treatment because of its insidious onset and lack of effective specific screening techniques in early stage, and thus has very poor prognosis. Diabetes is a risk factor for PC. The new- onset diabetes could be one of the reasons or early manifestations of PC, and probably help its early detection and diagnosis. However, various hypoglycemic agents may have certain influence on the occurrence of PC. Specific serum microRNAs (miRNA) of PC in diabetes patients could probably be considered as non- invasive biomarkers for early screening and prognosis monitoring of PC.