Abnormalities of lipid metabolism may occur in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at every stage. The abnormalities are caused by various factors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, activation of renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system, and elevated homocysteine and fibrinogen. The most common dyslipidemia is hypertriglyceridemia in the CKD and dialysis patients, whereas their total cholesterol may be normal or lower. Statins are used for lipid-lowering therapy in stages 3a-4 CKD patients, and can reduce cardiovascular complications. However, their application is controversial for hemodialysis patients, and there was less evidence for their application in the patients with peritoneal dialysis or renal transplantation.