Objective To investigate the effect of colchincine on the aortic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction induced by exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS). Methods The rat model was made by SSCS for 56 consecutive days, and the rats of the intervention group were given colchicine by intragastric injection at the same time. The rats with no smoking exposure and intervention served as normal controls. At the end of treatment, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the rat aorta were measured. The endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) test was carried out on the rat aorta. The effect of colchincine on the aortic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction was observed. Results Compared with the normal controls, the SSCS model group had significantly increased content of MDA, obviously decreased activity of SOD, and remarkably reduced formation of NO and eNOS, and obviously impaired endothelium-mediated vascular relaxation of aorta. All these phenomena would be attenuated after 56 days’ colchicine treatment. Conclusion Exposure to SSCS induces aortic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in rats. These deleterious effects can be abated by colchicine treatment.