Objective To observe the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and atherosclerosis indexes with the increase of age. Methods A total of 400 healthy participants who were selected through physical examination from 1500 self-estimated healthy individuals from several communities of Shenyang City from September 2007 to June 2008 were followed up in 2011 for their BMD, ankle-brachial index (ABI), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). They were assigned into four different age groups, ＜50 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, and ≥70 years. The women were divided into another 4 groups, premenopausal, 1-10 years since menopause, 11-20 years since menopause, and＞20 years since menopause. Results There were significant differences in total hip BMD among the women from different age groups and among those with menopause or not(P＜0.01). But for men, there was no difference in total hip BMD in those younger than 70 years. Significant differences were also found in lumbar spine BMD among women younger than 70 years and among those with menopause shorter than 20 years. No difference was found in lumbar spine BMD among the men in different age groups. No difference was seen in ABI among the women of different age groups younger than 70 years and among the menopause groups shorter than 20 years since menopause. Neither were the men from different age groups. There were significant differences in PWV among women from different age groups and among the groups with menopause or not. In men, PWV was higher in ≥70 years group than in other age groups. The differences of CIMT were significant in both women and men among age groups. In women, the BMD, ABI, PWV, and CIMT were correlated with age. In men, the total hip BMD, PWV, and CIMT were correlated with age. Conclusion The changes of BMD and atherosclerosis indices with aging are different between women and men.