Abstract:Objective To explore the application efficacy of personalized exercise rehabilitation on patients after coronary intervention. Methods A total of 130 patients who underwent coronary intervention in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were recruited in this study. They were randomly divided into control group (n=65, routine rehabilitation intervention) and observation group (n=65, personalized exercise rehabilitation intervention). Cardiac function, exercise endurance, muscle strength and balance function, quality of life and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) before intervention and in three months after surgery were compared between the two groups. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. Data comparison between two groups was performed using student′s t test or Chi-square test depending on data type. Results The observation group had significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), cardiac output (CO), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), one-repetition maximum (1-RM), Berg balance scale (BBS) score, scores of short form 36-item health survey (SF-36), and activities of daily living (ADL), and lower left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and interventricular septum thickness (IVST) when compared with the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of MACE was statistically lower in the observation group than the control group (7.69% vs 20.00%, P<0.05). Conclusion Personalized exercise prescription can improve cardiac function, enhance exercise endurance, muscle strength and balance function, promote quality of life, and reduce the incidence of MACE in patients after coronary intervention.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of adverse outcomes in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods A multicenter prospective cohort trial was conducted on 265 elderly patients (≥60 years old) diagnosed with OSAHS and CHD through multiple-channel sleep monitoring during January 2015 and October 2017. Baseline demographic data, clinical features, sleep parameters, and blood biochemical indicators were collected, and all subjects were followed up until December 2020 for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Patients were divided into MACE group (n=55) and non-MACE group (n=210) according to whether MACE occured. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. Student′s t test, Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test was employed for intergroup comparison depending on data type. Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed respectively to analyze the correlation of MACE occurrence with above indicators and influencing factors for the occurrence in elderly patients with CHD and OSAHS. Results During a median follow-up time of 43 (5-72) months, the cumulative incidence of MACE was 20.8% (55/265). Compared with the non-MACE group, the MACE group had significantly larger proportions of smoking (41.8% vs 27.6%), atrial fibrillation (27.3% vs 14.3%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (92.0% vs 27.6%), higher level of platelet distribution width [PDW, (13.08±1.40)% vs (12.47±1.54)%], and obviously lower level of hemoglobin [(129.4±15.85) vs (135.24±16.87) g/L, all P<0.05)]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the occurrence of MACE in elderly patients with CHD and OSAHS was positively correlated with age, smoking history, alcohol drinking history, PDW, total sleep time (TST), and atrial fibrillation (r=0.075,0.125,0.128,0.145,0.129,0.140; P<0.05), and negatively with hemoglobin level (r=-0.141; P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that PDW (OR=1.304,95%CI 1.046-1.627; P=0.018), TST (OR=1.274,95%CI 1.037-1.566; P=0.021), and hemoglobin level (OR=0.975,95%CI 0.954-0.996; P=0.022) were independent influencing factors for MACE in elderly patients with CHD and OSAHS.Conclusion The incidence of MACE is quite higher in elderly patients with CHD and OSAHS, and PDW and TST are independent risk factors for the occurrence, whereas hemoglobin is a protective factor.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the occurrence of hypoglycemia and its awareness status in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore the risk factors of hypoglycemia. Methods Clinical data of 197 elderly T2DM patients hospitalized in our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data and incidence of hypoglycemia were compared between the patients with hypoglycemia (hypoglycemia group, n=82) and those without (non-hypoglycemia group, n=115). SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. Student′s t test or Chi-square test was employed for intergroup comparison depending on data type. The value of body mass index (BMI), awareness score of hypoglycemia, serum creatinine (SCr) and serum urea nitrogen (BUN) in predicting hypoglycemia in elderly patients with T2DM was analyzed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors of hypoglycemia in elderly patients with T2DM. Results Of the 197 patients, 82 developed hypoglycemia during hospitalization. The hypoglycemic group had significantly lower BMI and cognitive score of hypoglycemia, higher BUN and SCr levels, and larger proportions of duration of disease≥10 years, fasting exercise, and self-use of hypoglycemic health care agents when compared with the non-hypoglycemic group (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that BMI, awareness score of hypoglycemia, and SCr and BUN levels had good predictive value for the occurrence of hypoglycemia in elderly T2DM patients, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.708,0.689,0.966 and 0.909, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that BMI≤18.930 kg/m² (95%CI 1.134-9.109), disease course≥10 years (95%CI 1.270-10.047), fasting exercise (95%CI 1.039-2.068), self-use of hypoglycemic health care agents (95%CI 1.106-1.450), awareness score of hypoglycemia≤68 points (95%CI 1.380-2.852), SCr≥99.930 μmol/L (95%CI 1.370-8.713) and BUN≥7.035 mmol/L (95%CI 1.505-4.130) were the risk factors for hypoglycemia in elderly T2DM patients. Conclusion Elderly T2DM patients have a higher incidence of hypoglycemia, and lower awareness of hypoglycemia. The occurrence of hypoglycemia is affected by many factors.

Abstract:Objective To explore the status quo and influencing factors for ability to perform physical activity (PA) in middle-aged and elderly patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods All the middle-aged and elderly patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing regular dialysis in the blood purification centers of four Class A tertiary hospitals in Xi′an from September 2021 to February 2022 were enrolled, and 315 of them who met our inclusion and exclusion criteria were finally subjected and served as the study objects. Self-made questionnaire and Human Activity Profile (HAP) scale were used to survey their general information and physical capacity. Descriptive statistical analysis, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the PA levels of the patients and the influencing factors for the PA levels (low, medium and active). SPSS statistics 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. Intergroup comparison was performed using independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test depending on data type. Results There were 305 (96.82%) valid questionnaires obtained from the 315 distributed ones. According to their maximum activity score (MAS), they were divided into low (two patients, 0.65%), moderate (210 patients, 65.85%) and active (93 patients, 30.50%) physical activity groups. Significant difference in MAS level was observed in the three physical activity groups among those with different ages, gender, education levels, employment status (P<0.05). Based on adjusted activity score (AAS), 89 patients were assigned in the low physical activity group (29.18%), 180 (59.02%) in the moderate, and 36 (11.80%) in the active physical activity group. Among the patients with different ages, education levels, employment status, number of comorbidities, and concomitant diabetes or not, statistical difference was found in PA level (P<0.05). In the regression model with MAS level as the dependent variable, age (OR=0.940,95%CI 0.910-0.969), gender (OR=1.828,95%CI 1.042-3.206), and education level of junior high school or below (OR=0.485,95%CI 0.254-0.927) were the influencing factors for PA (P<0.05). In the regression model with AAS level as the dependent variable, age (OR=0.959,95%CI 0.924-0.995), gender (OR=1.782,95%CI 1.050-3.028), retirement/sick retirement (OR=0.379,995%CI 0.158-0.909), diabetes mellitus (OR=0.573,95%CI -1.062--0.050), and number of comorbidities (OR=0.320,95%CI 0.128-0.800) were the influencing factors of PA (P<0.05). Conclusion PA is generally at a moderate level in middle-aged and elderly MHD patients. Gender, age, employment status, number of comorbidities, and having diabetes or not are factors affecting the PA level in the patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship of the expressions of Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) and Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) with the recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the elderly patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of the clinical data of 263 elderly NPC patients admitted to Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital from May 2016 to May 2018. All patients were followed up for 5 years after treatment to observe for recurrence. Protein expression levels of KLF5 and KLF9 in the cancer tissues of the patients were detected using Western blotting technique. The recurrent and non-recurrent patients were compared for the basic data [gender, age, union for international cancer control (UICC) stage, pathological type, duration of extended treatment, radiotherapy dose, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, nasal invasion, oropharyngeal invasion, skull base bone invasion, intracranial damage, cranial nerve injury] and KLF5 and KLF9. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of recurrence in the elderly NPC patients . SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Comparison between two groups was performed using t test or χ² test depending on the data type. Results A total of 263 elderly NPC patients were followed up for 5 years after treatment, and 27 (10.27%) experienced relapse. Compared with the non-recurrent patients, the recurrent patients had higher proportions of those with UICC stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ, those without radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, those with skull base bone invasion, and those with cranial nerve injury, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with non-relapse patients, the expression of KLF5 and KLF9 in the relapse patients decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of KLF5 and KLF9 showed better predictive value for the NPC recurrence in the elderly patients, and the combined predictive value was higher, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.800,0.790 and 0.894, respectively (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that UICC stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (OR=3.420,95%CI 1.715-6.820), no radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy (OR=1.434,95%CI 1.106-1.859), skull base bone invasion (OR=2.790,95%CI 1.337-5.822), cranial nerve injury (OR=1.249,95%CI 1.026-1.520), KLF5 < 2.495 (OR=4.453,95%CI 1.469-13.498), KLF9＜0.305 (OR=2.719,95%CI 1.604-4.609) were risk factors for NPC recurrence in the elderly patients. Conclusion The expressions of KLF5 and KLF9 in the cancer tissues of the elderly NPC patients decrease and are factors affecting the recurrence.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effectiveness of hearing aids in the senile deaf patients and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods Clinical data of 102 senile deaf patients wearing hearing aids admitted to Qionghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2021 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The international outcome inventory for hearing aids (IOI-HA) was evaluated after admission, and patients with different clinical characteristics were compared for the total IOI-HA score. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. Depending on the data type, t test or ANOVA were used for inter-group comparison. Influencing factors on effectiveness of hearing aids in the elderly patients with age-related hearing loss were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The total IOI-HA score of 102 elderly patients with hearing loss was (24.18±7.84) points. There were significant differences in total scores of IOI-HA between patients in the aspects of education level, duration of hearing aids wearing, deafness severity and wearing side (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an education level at junior high school (OR=3.245,95%CI 1.337-7.876), wearing one hearing aid (OR=2.195,95%CI 1.032-4.669), duration of hearing aid wearing<4 months (OR=4.513,95%CI 1.395-14.600), and mild deafness (OR=2.447,95%CI 1.208-4.957) were the influencing factors on effectiveness of hearing aids in the patients with senile deafness. Conclusion The effectiveness of hearing aids in the senile deaf patients is affected by multiple factors, such as education level, wearing side, duration of hearing aids wearing and severity of deafness, which should be paid attention to in clinical treatment.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods The clinical data of 189 elderly AMI patients admitted to our hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent PCI and were divided into AKI group (n=65) and non-AKI group (n=124) according to whether AKI occurred after surgery. General data, results of laboratory examination, and prognosis status were recorded among the patients. SPSS statistics 19.0 was used for data analysis. According to the data types, student′s t test or Chi-square test was performed for comparison between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the related factors affecting AKI after PCI in the elderly AMI patients. Results Among the 189 elderly AMI patients, 65 patients were complicated with AKI (34.39%). The AMI group had significantly longer hospital stay and larger proportions of heart failure, infection, bleeding, automatic discharge and death than the non-AKI group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus (OR=3.766, 95%CI 2.031-6.982), cardiac function Killip grade (OR=3.043, 95%CI 1.966-4.712), white blood cell (WBC) count (OR=1.877, 95%CI 1.058-3.364) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level (OR=2.590, 95%CI 1.386-4.765) were risk factors for occurrence of AKI in elderly AMI patients after PCI, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, OR=0.470, 95%CI 0.327-0.676) was a protective factor. Conclusion The incidence of AKI is quite high in elderly AMI patients after PCI, and AKI will increase poor prognosis. For the patients complicated with diabetes mellitus and poor cardiac function, special attention should be paid to their treatment and nursing in clinical practice. In addition, baseline eGFR, WBC count and NT-proBNP level can be used to assess the risk of AKI in the patients.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the status quo and influencing factors of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and its relationship with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in elderly patients with gynecological malignant tumors. Methods A total of 206 elderly women who suffered from gynecologic cancer and had received chemotherapy in the Breast Department of Yuncheng Central Hospital from March 2021 to September 2022 were recruited as the research subjects. According to the occurrence of CINV, they were divided into a CINV group (92 cases) and a non-CINV group (114 cases). Their clinical data were collected. Multidimensional fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) was used to evaluate their CRF status, and the results were analyzed for its relationship with CINV. SPSS statistics 22.0 was employed for data analysis. Independent sample t test, Chi-square test or rank sum test was applied for intergroup comparison depending on different data type. Logistic regression model was conducted to analyze the risk factors affecting CINV in elderly patients with gynecologic cancer. Results Among the 206 patients, 92 cases (44.66%) developed CINV, including 52 cases (56.52%) of acute CINV and 40 cases (43.48%) of delayed CINV, and 34 cases (36.96%) of mild, 35 cases (38.04%) of moderate and 23 cases (25.00%) of severe CINV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of stomach diseases (OR=2.438,95%CI 1.106-5.372), history of motion sickness (OR=3.051,95%CI 1.460-6.376), chemotherapy regimen containing cisplatin(OR=3.678,95%CI 1.519-8.911), anxiety (OR=2.542,95%CI 1.174-5.508), depression (OR=2.333,95%CI 1.098-4.959) and CRF (OR=2.769,95%CI 1.232-6.221) were independent risk factors for CINV (all P<0.05). There were statistical differences in CRF level and MFI-20 score among the patients with different severities of CINV (P<0.05). Conclusion For elderly patients with gynecologic cancer, history of stomach diseases, history of motion sickness, chemotherapy regimen containing cisplatin, anxiety, depression and CRF are independent risk factors for CINV, and CRF level is closely associated with the severity of CINV.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly inpatients in department of gastroenterology. Methods Clinical data of 466 elderly patients admitted to Qionghai People′s Hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into malnourished group and non-malnourished group according to mini-nutritional assessment (MNA). The incidence of malnutrition in patients with different diseases was compared. The baseline data of the two groups were compared, and the difference information was included in the unconditional logistic stepwise regression analysis to identify the influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly inpatients in the department of gastroenterology. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of age and Barthel index (BI) score in predicting malnutrition in elderly inpatients. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used to process the data, and t andχ² tests were used to compare the data between groups according to the data type. Results The MNA scores of 466 elderly inpatients in the department of gastroenterology were (19.44±5.29) points, of which 104 (22.32%) were malnourished and 362 (77.68%) were well-nourished. Among them, the incidence of malnutrition was highest in patients in department of gastrointestinal bleeding. Among the 102 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, 62 (60.78%) were found to have malnutrition. Age, BI score, number of chronic diseases, anxiety or depression, and personal monthly income were compared between malnourished group and non-malnourished group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=2.745,95%CI 1.241-6.072), number of chronic diseases(OR=1.137,95%CI 1.034-1.250), anxiety or depression(OR=1.449, 95%CI 1.018-2.062), personal monthly income (OR=4.243,95%CI 1.974-9.120) and BI score (OR=4.209,95%CI 1.339-13.231) were the influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly inpatients in department of gastroenterology. ROC curve analysis of age and BI score confirmed that it had a good predictive value for malnutrition in elderly inpatients in the department of gastroenterology, and the area under the curve was 0.787 and 0.812, respectively. Conclusion Elderly inpatients in the department of gastroenterology have a high incidence of malnutrition, and the incidence of malnutrition is affected by age, the number of chronic diseases, anxiety or depression, personal monthly income, BI score, and should be paid attention to in the subsequent treatment of such patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation between sleep duration and hypertension based on the data collected through smart wearable devices. Methods The data in this study were from Blood Pressure Health Study (initiated by China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care and executed by Chines PLA General Hospital). All participants were recruited online from 34 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. Based on our inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 1 706 adult participants with no history of hypertension were recruited to this study from December, 2021 to January, 2024. Huawei smart blood pressure watches were employed to measure and collect sleep and home blood pressure data, and their demographic information and medical history were collected through electronic questionnaires. Based on their baseline blood pressure, they were divided into hypertensive group [SBP ≥135 mmHg (1mmHg=0.133kPa) and/or DBP ≥85 mmHg, n=851] and non-hypertensive group (SBP <135 mmHg and DBP<85 mmHg). SPSS statistics 26.0 was used for data analysis. Data comparison between the two groups was performed using student′s t test or Chi-square test depending on data type. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the cross-sectional relationship between sleep duration and hypertension. Results Among the 1 706 participants, there were 1 519 males (89.04%) and 187 females (10.96%), with an average age of (44.87±11.52) years, a body mass index (BMI) of (24.99±3.33) kg/m², a sleep duration of (7.35±1.10) h, SBP of (125.97±11.75) mmHg, DBP of (84.66±8.45) mmHg, and a heart rate of (77.43±9.63) beats/min. In the participants with different sleep durations (≥9,7-<9,5-<7 and <5 h), there was a significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension (45.26% vs 48.16% vs 52.63% vs 67.65%; P=0.046), indicating an increasing trend in hypertension prevalence with shorter sleep duration. Multivariate logistic regression analysis without adjusting for confounding factors showed that compared to the group with a sleep duration of 7-<9 h, the group with a duration of ≥9 h (OR=0.890,95% CI 0.583-1.358; P=0.589) and the group of 5-<7 h (OR=1.196, 95%CI 0.974-1.469; P=0.088) showed no statistical difference in hypertension risk, and the group with a duration of <5 h (OR=2.250, 95%CI 1.086-4.665; P=0.029) had an increased risk of hypertension. After adjusting for all available confounding factors (age, gender, BMI, high-salt diet habits, smoking/alcohol history, history of sleep apnea syndrome, diabetes history, history of chronic kidney disease, etc.), compared to the participants with a sleep duration of 7-<9 h, the group with a sleep duration of ≥9 h (OR=0.952, 95%CI 0.606-1.495; P=0.831) and the group with a sleep duration of 5-<7 h (OR=1.056, 95%CI 0.848-1.315; P=0.625) showed no statistically significant difference in hypertension risk, whereas those with a sleep duration of <5 h (OR=2.238, 95%CI 1.026-4.884; P=0.043) still had an increased risk of hypertension. Conclusion There is no significant correlation between mild shortfall and excessive sleep duration and hypertension risk, but obvious association is found between excessively short sleep duration and an increased risk of hypertension.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the characteristics of plasma D-dimer, fibrin degradation products (FDPs) and other coagulation indices in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and explore their predictive value for patient′s condition. Methods A total of 100 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to our hospital from December 7,2022 to January 28,2023 were enrolled and then divided into mild (n=29), moderate (n=40), and severe/critical infection (n=31) groups. Their plasma D-dimer, FDPs and other coagulation indices were recorded, and the characteristics of coagulation indices were analyzed in the three groups. SPSS statistics 27.0 was used for statistical analysis. LSD-t test, Fisher exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, χ²test or Bonferroni calibration test were employed for intergroup comparison depending on data type. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of FDPs, D-dimer, age, and their combination in predicting mortality in the COVID-19 infected patients. Results Larger proportions of older age and comorbidities and higher mortality were observed in the severe/critical groups than the mild and moderate groups (P<0.05). Plasma FDPs level in the moderate group and plasma FDPs and D-dimer levels in the severe/critical group were significantly higher than those in the mild group (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of FDPs, D-dimer, age, combined FDPs and D-dimer, and combination of FDPs, D-dimer and age in predicting mortality in the COVID-19 infected patients was 0.785 (95%CI 0.645-0.926; P<0.01), 0.811 (95%CI 0.691-0.03; P<0.01), 0.725 (95%CI 0.558-0.891; P<0.05), 0.766 (95%CI 0.581-0.951; P<0.05) and 0.875 (95%CI 0.789-0.962; P<0.01), respectively, and the sensitivity was 90.9%, 100.0%, 72.7%, 81.8% and 100.0%, and the specificity was 61.8%, 50.6%, 78.7%, 71.9% and 62.9%, respectively. Conclusion Plasma D-dimer and FDPs levels are significantly increased in COVID-19 patients. The two indicators combined with advanced age have an important predictive value for the severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression profile of CD27 in esophageal carcinoma and its potential gene regulatory pathways. Methods In this study, gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) and cBio-Porta were used to analyze the differential expression and mutation of CD27 in esophageal cancer; GEPIA was used to perform Kaplan Meier curve analysis on the prognostic value of CD27 in patients with esophageal cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; functions and pathway enrichment of CD27 in esophageal cancer were performed by linkedomics through Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.Results The main type of CD27 mutation was amplification mutation in esophageal cancer. The expression of CD27 in esophageal carcinoma showed profound effects on TOR complex and various kinases (KIT-proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, transforming growth factor receptor 1, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3). CD27 showed significant impact on overall survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and although it had no such effect on the overall survival of esophageal cancer, the patients with high expression had better overall survival. Conclusion The differential expression of CD27 may be a key factor in the occurrence and development of esophageal carcinoma. Our results suggest that the expression of CD27 might be a biomarker for esophageal cancer.

Abstract:Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) greater than 200nt in length and have been found in recent years to act as sponges for microRNAs (miRNAs) and regulate competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Studies have shown that lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in gouty arthritis and are closely related to toll-like receptor/nod-like receptor (TLR/NLR) signaling pathway and purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) signaling pathway. LncRNAs can affect the occurrence and development of gout through multiple lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes. This article discusses the progress in the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory network in gout to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of gout in the view to providing new ideas for targeted intervention in gout inflammation and prevention of bone erosion.

Abstract:Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Most of the conventional methods used to evaluate IR are complex and expensive, and their clinical application is limited. The triglyceride glucose index is emerging as an IR index and has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in numerous studies. This article reviews the IR mechanisms in cardiovascular disease and the progress in research of the triglyceride glucose index and cardiovascular disease in order to provide a useful guide for early detection and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract:Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors regulate lipid metabolism by inhibiting the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors on the surface of hepatocytes. Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated that the use of PCSK9 inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with statins can significantly reduce levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This article reviews the significant clinical research and progress in the application of PCSK9 inhibitors and briefly summarizes their safety, efficacy and clinical applications.

Abstract:Diaphragm dysfunction and weaning-induced pulmonary oedema are two important causes of weaning failure. Diaphragm dysfunction can reduce contraction force of the diaphragm, compromising pulmonary ventilation loss and causing a subsequent weaning failure. Large negative swings in intrathoracic pressure during weaning tend to increase the venous return and the left ventricular afterload, contributing to weaning-induced pulmonary oedema and respiratory distress. This article reviews the mechanisms, diagnosis and strategies of treatment of diaphragm dysfunction and weaning-induced pulmonary oedema.