Abstract:Objective To study the correlation between central obesity and the difference of mRNA and protein expression of the tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/fibroblast growth factor-induced early reactive protein 14(Fn14)and downstream nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the elderly. Methods From September 2017 to May 2018,80 subjects were randomly selected from the database of cross-sectional epidemiological survey of permanent residents in agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang. According to whether they had central obesity or not, they were divided into the control group (n=40) and the central obesity group (n=40). PBMC were extracted from fasting peripheral blood, and the mRNA and protein expressions of TWEAK, Fn14, inhibitor of kappa B kinase-α (IKKα), inhibitor of kappa B kinase-β (IKKβ) and NF-κBp65 were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western-blotting. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was performed using t-test or χ²test, depending on data type. Correlation was analyzed using bivariate Pearson correlation analysis method. Results The mRNA expression of Fn14, IKK α, IKK β, TWEAK and NF-κBp65 in PBMC in the central obesity group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The protein expression levels of Fn14, IKK α and IKK β in the central obesity group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in TWEAK and NF-κBp65 protein expression between the two groups (P>0.05). Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that mRNA expression of the above factors was positively correlated with TWEAK and Fn14 (r=0.472; P<0.01), Fn14 was positively correlated with IKK α and IKK β(r=0.262,0.275; P<0.05), and that IKK α and IKK β were positively correlated with NF- κBp65 (r=0.747,0.692; P<0.01). Conclusion Central obesity in the elderly in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang is related to the high expression of Fn14, IKK α, IKK β and mRNA in peripheral blood PBMC. TWEAK/Fn14 may be involved in the occurrence and development of human obesity by regulating IKK to activate NF- κB inflammatory pathway.

Abstract:Objective To explore the significance of serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in reflecting the disease severity and prognosis in the elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods A total of 146 elderly CAP patients admitted to Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2021 to June 2022 were included as the study subjects. Serum suPAR, PTX3 and NLR levels on admission were measured and compared between severe CAP patients (severs CAP group, n=50) and non-severe CAP patients (non-severe CAP group, n=96). Serum suPAR, PTX3, NLR, CURB-65 score and PSI score were compared between death group (n=12) and survival group (n=134). Data analysis was performed with SPSS statistics 19.0. According to the data types, t test, Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test was used for between-group comparison. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum suPAR, PTX3, NLR levels and CURB-65 score, pneumonia severity index (PSI) score, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in the elderly CAP patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting disease severity in them, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the efficiency of each indicator on predicting poor prognosis in them. Results There were statistically significant differences between severe CAP group and non-severe CAP group (P<0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) [(10.43±2.16)×10⁹/L vs (7.65±1.83)×10⁹/L], CRP [(84.63±15.37) mg/L vs (41.74±10.25) mg/L], PCT [(0.53±0.15) μg/L vs (0.12±0.02) μg/L], neutrophil ratio [(84.15±18.65)% vs (73.15±14.69)%], lymphocyte ratio [(8.44±2.15)% vs (15.74±2.36)%], NLR [(9.97±1.86) vs (4.65±1.19)], serum suPAR [(5.31±1.16) ng/ml vs (2.38±0.36) ng/ml], PTX3 [(12.34±2.73) ng/ml vs (6.41±1.57) ng/ml], CURB-65 score [(2.13±0.75) vs (1.36±0.21)] and PSI score [(93.47±25.37) vs (60.43±19.42)]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum suPAR, PTX3 and NLR were positively correlated with CURB-65 score (r=0.396,0.281,0.325; P<0.05) and PSI score (r=0.279,0.276,0.246; P<0.05). Serum suPAR and NLR were positively correlated with CRP level (r=0.349,0.306; P<0.05). Serum PTX3 was positively correlated with PCT level (r=0.321; P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that NLR (OR=1.551,95%CI 1.188-2.025), suPAR (OR=1.765,95%CI 1.223-2.546) and PTX3 (OR=1.964,95%CI 1.159-3.328) were factors affecting disease severity in the elderly CAP patients. Totally, 12 patients (8.22%) died within 30 d. Serum suPAR, PTX3, NLR, CURB-65 score and PSI score in death group were higher than those in survival group, the differences were statistical significance (P<0.05). ROC curve showed that serum suPAR (AUC=0.809,95%CI 0.719-0.899), PTX3 (AUC=0.788,95%CI 0.631-0.905), NLR (AUC=0.836,95%CI 0.727-0.945) and PSI (AUC=0.714,95%CI 0.619-0.849) were of some value in predicting death in CAP patients, and the predicting efficiency of serum suPAR, PTX3 and NLR was higher than that of CURB-65 score and PSI score. Conclusion Serum suPAR, PTX3 and NLR have certain value in reflecting the disease severity and prognosis in the elderly CAP patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the status quo of abnormal bone metabolism in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Xiangyang City, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods Totally1 236 elderly patients with T2DM admitted to Xiangyang Central Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Questionnaires were distributed to calculate the incidence rate of osteoporosis (OP) and understand the status quo of osteoporosis in elderly T2DM population in Xiangyang City. The patients with OP were assigned as OP group(n=374), the patients with decreased bone mineral density were classified as the decreased bone mineral density group (n=266), and the patients with normal bone mineral density were set as control group(n=596). The influencing factors of OP in elderly T2DM population in Xiangyang City were explored. SPSS statistics 20.0 was used for data analysis. t test or Chi-square test was performed for comparison between groups according to the data types. Ordinal multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors affecting the occurrence of abnormal bone metabolism in elderly patients with T2DM. Results Among 1 236 elderly patients with T2DM, 374 cases (30.26%) were diagnosed with OP. Ordinal multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥80 years (OR=3.710,95%CI 1.588-8.668), female (OR=3.586,95%CI 1.831-7.024), T2DM course≥13 years (OR=2.563,95%CI 1.994-3.293), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c＞9.0% (OR=2.197,95%CI 1.137-4.244), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol≥4.1 mol/L (OR=3.401,95%CI 1.362-8.494) were risk factors affecting bone metabolism status in elderly patients with T2DM, and body mass index≥24.0 kg/m² (OR=0.493,95%CI 0.318-0.765) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3≥30 μg/L (OR=0.381,95%CI 0.235-0.617) were protective factors. Conclusion The detection rates of OP and bone mass loss in elderly patients with T2DM in Xiangyang City are similar to the national average level. Paying attention to bone mineral density examination in elderly patients with T2DM, actively controlling blood glucose, participating in physical exercise and strengthening vitamin D intake are of certain significance in improving abnormal bone metabolism in elderly patients with T2DM.

Abstract:Objective To survey the current status of health literacy and related influencing factors in elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Methods A total of 90 elderly osteoarthritis patients treated in Haikou People′s Hospital from June 2022 to December 2022 were subjected with convenient sampling. Their general data were collected, and the health literacy was investigated and quantized with health literacy questionnaire for chronic disease patients. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Intergroup comparison was performed using students′ t test, analysis of variance or Chi-square test depending on data type. Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for health literacy in elderly osteoarthritis patients. Results After 90 questionnaires were distributed, 82 valid questionnaires were recovered. For the 82 participants, the average total score of health literacy scale was (93.0±6.7) points, with the highest average score of dimension of information communication of (4.5±1.1) points and the lowest average score of dimension of information acquisition ability of (3.4±1.2) points. The differences in health literacy scores among patients of different gender, education level, marital status, residence place, per capita monthly families income, and duration of illness were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that gender (β=-0.153; P=0.014), marital status (β=-0.179; P=0.006), education level (β=0.438; P<0.001) and disease duration (β=-0.018; P=0.002) were high-risk factors affecting health literacy in elderly patients with osteoarthritis, which could explain 62.1% of the total variables in the equation. Conclusion Elderly patients with osteoarthritis have quite low health literacy. Gender, marital status, education level and disease duration are related factors affecting the health literacy in them.

Abstract:Objective To determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the prognosis of the elderly cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with prostate cancer, and construct and validate a predictive nomogram for 1-year readmission of the patients due to CVD. Methods Clinical data of 237 elderly CVD patients with freshly diagnosed prostate cancer in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2019 to May 2021 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. According to the BMI criteria recommended by the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC), they were divided into high BMI group (n=110) and low BMI group (n=127). Their baseline data, laboratory results and imaging data were compared between the two groups. The primary endpoint was the first rehospitalization due to CVD and the secondary endpoint was all-cause death within one year after discharge. SPSS statistics 26.0 and R Studio (version 4.1.2) were used for data analysis. Student′s t test, Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test was employed for intergroup comparison depending on data type. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted to analyze their survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the independent prognostic factors and a nomogram of prognostic prediction was constructed. Results A total of 118 patients were rehospitalized due to CVD, including 71 cases from the low BMI group(55.9%) and 47 cases from the high BMI group (42.7%) . Among the four cases of all-cause death, three were in the low BMI group (2.4%) and one was in the high BMI group (0.9%). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that the low BMI patients had higher rate of rehospitalization due to CVD than the high BMI patients, especially coronary heart disease (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that smoking (HR=3.954,95%CI 2.359-6.628; P<0.05), high total cholesterol (HR=1.070,95%CI 1.035-1.107; P<0.05) and comorbidities of other systems (HR=1.611,95%CI 1.103-2.351; P<0.05) were independent risk factors for rehospitalization for CVD, and high BMI (HR=0.920,95%CI 0.862-0.981; P<0.05) and high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, HR=0.460,95%CI 0.245-0.865; P<0.05) were independent protective factors. The internal validation C-index of the constructed nomogram was 0.731 (95%CI 0.686-0.776). The AUC value was 0.759 (95%CI 0.689-0.829), 0.767 (95%CI 0.699-0.834) and 0.804 (95%CI 0.696-0. 912) respectively, at three, six and twelve months, suggesting that the model has a moderate predictive value and good consistency in the calibration plots. Conclusion Smoking, total cholesterol, other systemic diseases, BMI and HDL-C are independent factors for the prognosis of elderly CVD patients with prostate cancer. Our constructed nomogram has good predictive accuracy, and is helpful to assess the prognosis of the patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the oral hygiene status of elderly inpatients and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Totally 312 elderly patients admitted between January 2021 and June 2022 in General Hospital of Central Theater Command were enrolled as the research subjects. Kayser-Jones brief oral health status examination (BOHSE) was used to investigate the oral hygiene status (10 items including lymph node, lips, tongue, mucosa of cheek/floor of mouth and maxilla, gingiva around the teeth and (or) covered by dentures, salivary secretion and its effect on tissues, natural teeth status, denture status, dental occlusion status at masticatory position, oral hygiene status). SPSS statistics 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was perfomed using t test, analysis of variance or χ² test depending on data type. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the related influencing factors of oral hygiene status of elderly inpatients. Results Investigation showed that the total score of BOHSE scale in elderly inpatients was (7.91±1.27) points, and the score of oral hygiene status dimension was the highest at (1.46±0.26) points, followed by the natural teeth status and gingiva around the teeth and (or) covered by dentures. Univariate analysis showed that gender, smoking, drinking, education level, frequency of teeth brushing during hospitalization, access to oral care assistance during hospitalization, oral examination, previous oral hygiene behaviors, activities of daily living and long-term bed rest were related factors affecting the oral hygiene status of elderly inpatients (P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis suggested that gender, smoking, drinking, frequency of teeth brushing during hospitalization, access to oral care assistance, oral examination, previous oral hygiene behaviors, activities of daily living and long-term bed rest were related factors affecting the oral hygiene status of elderly inpatients(β =-3.784,1.757,1.123, -0.892, -0.971, -1.343, 1.834,2.156,4.254; P<0.05). Conclusion The overall oral hygiene status of elderly inpatients is not good. It is necessary to pay clinical attention to the oral hygiene status of patients with low activities of daily living and long-term bed rest. It is of certain significance to improve the oral hygiene status of elderly inpatients by persuading patients to quit smoking and drinking, providing more oral care assistance and strengthening oral examination.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the current status of frailty in the elderly diabetic population and its influencing factors. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the clinical data of 248 elderly diabetic patients (diabetes group) admitted to the Fuyang People′s Hospital of Anhui Medical University from February 2020 to August 2022 and of 120 healthy individuals (control group) receiving physical examinations in outpatient clinic during the same period of time. Frailty assessment was performed using the FRAIL scale. Based on the FRAIL scores, the diabetic patients were divided into the frail group (n=76) and the non-frail group (n=172). SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis, and ANOVA, t test or Chi-square test were employed for intergroup comparisons, depending on the data type. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors of frailty in the elderly diabetic population. Results The FRAIL scores in both the frail and non-frail diabetic groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the frail group had significantly higher FRAIL scores than the non-frail group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥70 years (OR=3.162, 95%CI 1.451-5.784; P<0.001), diabetes duration ≥10 years (OR=4.052, 95%CI 1.895-8.463; P=0.038), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >8.5% (OR=3.205, 95%CI 1.461-6.230; P=0.023), fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥6.1 mmol/L (OR=2.154, 95%CI 1.032-2.964; P=0.027), nutritional risk (malnutrition) (OR=3.451, 95%CI 2.014-5.375; P=0.034) and sarcopenia (OR=2.845, 95% CI 1.032-3.748; P<0.001) were identified as the risk factors of frailty, and that good sleep quality (OR=0.851, 95% CI 0.612-0.941; P=0.018) as a protective factor against frailty in the elderly diabetic population. Conclusion The prevalence of frailty is high in the elderly diabetic patients, and its occurrence is closely associated with age, diabetes duration, blood glucose level and diabetic complications. Clinical practitioners should pay attention to these patients and take timely targeted interventions to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of frailty.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the influencing factors for decreased quality of life in elderly patients with chronic vaginitis. Methods A total of 100 elderly patients with chronic vaginitis admitted to our department from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the vaginitis group, and another 100 healthy elderly individuals undergoing physical examinations simultaneously in our hospital were enrolled as the control group. According to the results of quality of life scale, the patients with chronic vaginitis were divided into normal life quality group (n=60) and declining life quality group (n=40). Their clinical data were compared between the groups and subgroups. SPSS statistics 20.0 was used for data analysis. According to the data type, t test orχ² test was used for data comparison between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for declining quality of life. Results The scores in physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental health domains were significantly lower in the vaginitis group than the control group (P<0.05). The patients from the declining quality of life group had longer course of vaginitis, more severe vaginitis, more comorbid chronic diseases, and larger proportion of declining intrinsic capacity, but lower ratio of regular physical activity than the patients in the normal quality of life group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that duration of vaginitis (OR=2.718, 95%CI 1.988-3.723; P<0.001), severity of vaginitis (OR=1.949, 95%CI 1.195-3.182; P=0.007), comorbid chronic diseases (OR=1.988, 95%CI 1.199-3.293; P=0.008), and decline in intrinsic capacity (OR=2.895, 95%CI 1.342-6.246; P=0.007) were independent risk factors, and regular physical activity was an independent protective factor (OR=0.744, 95%CI 0.363-1.526; P=0.001) for declining quality of life of elderly patients with chronic vaginal inflammation. Conclusion The duration of vaginitis, severity of vaginitis, comorbid chronic diseases and decline in IC were independent risk factors. Risk factors should be screened as early as possible, and then active preventive interventions should be implemented.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the acceptance of Traditional Chinese medicine nursing technology (TCMNT) among the elderly in Shanghai nursing institutions and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 457 elderly people in 17 nursing institutions in Shanghai from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the study subjects. A self-developed questionnaire was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. SPSS statistics 23.0 was used for data analysis. According to the data type, t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ²test was used for inter-group comparison. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of the acceptance of TCMNT in the elderly in nursing institutions. Results In total,432 valid responses were collected. The overall acceptability of TCMNT was 68.29% (295/432). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that education of high school or above (OR=2.298, 95%CI 1.040-5.079; P=0.040), perceived good health (OR=0.055, 95%CI 0.005-0.631; P=0.020), the number of diseases (1-2 kinds:OR=5.397,95%CI 2.077-14.020,P=0.001; 3-4 kinds:OR=6.437, 95%CI 2.305-17.971, P<0.001; >4 kinds:OR=5.168, 95%CI 1.040-25.686,P=0.045), better understanding of TCMNT (OR=5.435, 95%CI 1.278-23.108, P=0.022), belief in the curative effect of TCMNT (general: OR=2.273, 95%CI 1.184-4.362, P=0.014; better:OR=10.146, 95%CI 4.837-21.283, P<0.001), views on the charge of TCMNT (general:OR=5.294, 95%CI 2.540-11.036, P<0.001; lower:OR=6.720, 95%CI 3.057-14.771, P<0.001), and belief in the greater safety of TCMNT (OR=11.321, 95%CI 5.189-24.697, P<0.001) were the factors influencing the acceptance of TCMNT among the elderly in nursing institutions. Conclusion The acceptance of TCMNT in the elderly in nursing institutions is at a low level, which is affected by many factors. Different personalized interventions should be employed to improve it and to promote the application of TCMNT in the nursing institutions.

Abstract:Objective To explore the influencing factors of cognitive impairment and their impact on quality of life in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods A total of 90 elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were subjected as an observation group, and another 90 healthy elderly individuals in the physical examination center were selected as the control group. The Chinese version of the Repeatable Neuropsychological State Test (RBANS) was used to evaluate the cognitive function of the two groups of subjects. According to the results of RBANS, the observation group was divided into a non-cognitive impairment subgroup (n=51) and a cognitive impairment subgroup (n=39). And their clinical data were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive impairment decline in elderly chronic schizophrenia patients. SPSS statistics 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was performed using student′s t test or Chi-square test depending on data type. Results The total score of the RBANS scale was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group [(85.14±6.32) vs (95.14±6.25) points, P<0.05). The cognitive impairment group had obviously larger proportions of patients aged ≥70 years, education level below junior high school, disease course of ≥10 years, non-participation in social activities, and ≥3 times of hospitalization, but smaller proportion of married patients and lower score of quality of life when compared with the non-cognitive impairment group (P<0.05). Age ≥70 years (OR=3.602,95%CI 1.902-6.823), education level of junior high school and below (OR=3.446,95%CI 1.855-6.401), non-participation in social activities (OR=2.308,95%CI 1.341-3.972), hospitalization frequency (OR=4.432,95%CI 1.215-7.528), and course of disease≥10 years (OR=5.208,95%CI 1.325-8.471) were risk factors for cognitive impairment in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia (P<0.05), while married status (OR=0.176,95%CI 0.110-0.758) and quality of life (OR=0.093,95%CI 0.011-0.763) were protective factors for cognitive impairment in the patients (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a certain correlation between cognitive function and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia. Early screening of patients with high-risk factors for cognitive impairment and early preventive intervention can help improve their quality of life and prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of thymosin α1 on autophagy adaptor protein SQSTM1/p62 and on sarcopenia in the aging mice. Methods Mouse myoblasts (C2C12) were divided into control group, dexamethasone group, dexamethasone+thymosin α1 group, and dexamethasone+thymosin α1+p62 silence group. In each group, the proliferative activity (OD at 450 nm wavelength) of cells was examined using cell counting kit-8, and the formation of C2C12 muscle tube cells was detected. In addition, 30 SAMP8 rapidly aging mice were divided into SAMP8 group, thymosin α1+SAMP8 group, and thymosin α1+p62 silence+SAMP8 group using random number table method, with 10 mice in each group. The ratio of lean body mass (LBM) to body mass (BM) [LBM/BM (%)] of each group was detected. The expressions of p62, myosin D (MyoD), myogon transcription factor (MyoG), myosin heavy chain (MyHC), muscle ring-finger protein 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy related protein (MAFbx) in C2C12 and muscle tissues were detected by Western blotting. GraphPad PRISM 5.01 was used for statistical analysis. According to the data type, comparison between groups was preformed using t test. Results Compared with the control group, the proliferative activity and myotubule cell formation of dexamethasone group were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05 for both), the expression of p62, MyoD, MyoG and MyHC was decreased (P<0.05 for all), but the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx was increased (P<0.05 for both). Compared with dexamethasone group, the proliferative activity and myoduct cell formation of dexamethasone+thymosin α1 group were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05 for both), and the expression of p62, MyoD, MyoG and MyHC was increased (P<0.05 for all), while the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx was decreased (P<0.05 for both). Compared with dexamethasone+thymosin α1 group, the myoduct cell formation of dexamethasone+thymosin α1+p62 silence group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the expression of p62, MyoD, MyoG and MyHC was also decreased (P<0.05 for all). However, the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx was increased (P<0.05 for both). Compared with SAMP8 group, the LBM/BM ratio of thymosin α1+SAMP8 group was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), and the expression of p62 was increased (P<0.05), but the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx was decreased (P<0.05 for both). Compared with thymosin α1+SAMP8 group, the LBM/BM ratio in+thymosin α1+p62 silence+SAMP8 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the expression of p62 was decreased (P<0.05). But the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx was increased (P<0.05 for both). Conclusion Thymosin α1 alleviates sarcopenia in the aging mice by activating SQSTM1/p62 signal.

Abstract:Frailty, an age-associated clinical syndrome, has a huge negative influence on physiological functions and disease outcome in the diabetic patients. The incidence of frailty with diabetes is rising. Therefore, frailty management in diabetes is a long-term and ongoing progress, in which exercise intervention plays a prominent role. However, exercise programs for frail diabetic adult differ greatly. This article reviews nursing, preventive medications, methods and the theoretical basis of exercise intervention for diabetic patients with frailty and points out the problems in current research. It aims to cause scholars and medical staff in China to ponder upon the frailty management of diabetic patients and to provide a reference for the construction of local exercise programs for frailty in diabetes.

Abstract:Aspiration pneumonia is one of the important reasons of prolonged hospitalization, readmission, deteriorated to critical condition or even death in elderly in-patients. The high risk factors related to onset and prognosis of the aspirated elderly are complex and diversified, leading to a significant challenge to the clinical practice. This review summarized research progresses of the past 10 years in the field of comprehensive management of elderly in-patients with aspiration pneumonia, especially focusing on dysphagia screening, assessment and management, comprehensive geriatric assessment, multidisciplinary team intervention, as well as continuous follow-up. In combination with author′s clinical practice experience, we try to explore effective management protocols suitable for our national conditions.

Abstract:In this paper, we briefly described the concept and assessment tools of benefit finding, and mainly reviewed the influencing factors of benefit finding levels in patients with colorectal cancer, which included the various factors from the social demographic factors (such as gender, age, marital status, family relationship, economic and health insurance status and education level), psychological factors, disease and treatment related factors, coping style, social support and other factors. It aimed to provide evidence and reference for medical staff to evaluate the level of benefit finding during the treatment and care of cancer patients,and guide patients to recognize the performance of benefit finding and carry out positive psychological adjustment.

Abstract:Sarcopenia is an age-related disease with quite high incidence in the elderly. Due to the loss of muscle mass, strength and physical performance, the risk of falling increases in elderly patients with sarcopenia, so they are commonly fear of falling. However, fear of falling thus leads them to avoid activities deliberately, which subsequently, increases the risk of falling and causes other adverse outcomes. In this article, we reviewed the current situation, influencing factors, evaluation tools and intervention measures of fear of falling in elderly sarcopenia patients in order to provide reference for clinical identification and early intervention for the fear.

Abstract:Mitochondria, as central hubs for energy production and metabolism, are wildly involved in various biological process, and have a complex adaptive mechanism to ensure mitochondrial integrity and function so as to protect themself from mitochondrial damage and aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as one of the key hallmarks of aging process and is linked to the development of numerous age-related diseases. In recent years, there have been many significant discoveries regarding mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we systematically discuss the recent findings on the mechanisms of mitochondrial self-protection and dysfunction in the aging process, as well as the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on aging, and highlight the potential of mitochondrial dysfunction as a new and effective target for anti-aging intervention.