Abstract:Objective To analyze the gut microbiota of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with acute exacerbation and healthy people with 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) amplification sequence technology, and to explore the influence of gut microbiota on these patients and its possible mechanism. Methods A case-control trial was conducted on 20 patients with acute exacerbation of CHB (CHB group) admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases and 23 healthy controls (control group) in Department of Physical Examination from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from April to September 2021. Their fecal samples and clinical data were collected. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the V3-V4 gene amplification products of the gut microbiota of the participants. The “t test” function in R language was used for independent sample t test to analyze the α diversity differences in the gut microbiota between the 2 groups. The “ade4” package in R language was employed for principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on the weighted Unifrac distance in order to compare the β diversity differences in gut microbiota between the two groups. The “t test” function in R language was conducted for independent sample t test to analyze the differences in gut microbiota between the two groups at the levels of phylum, family and genus. PICRUST2 software was adopted to predict and analyze the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota. Results Compared with the control group, α diversity analysis showed that the fecal microbial diversity and abundance were decreased in the CHB patients with acute exacerbation (P<0.001). β diversity analysis indicated that the flora communities of the two groups were clustered separately, with significant differences (F=4.931, P=0.001). At the portal level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the flora of the CHB patients with acute exacerbation was obviously lower (P<0.01), while that of Actinobacteria was statistically increased (P<0.001) than that of control group. At the family level, the relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Selenomonadaceae, and Ruminococcaceaede was notably lower (P<0.001), while that of Streptococcaceae was remarkably increased (P<0.05) in the patients than the control group. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Alistipes, Bacteroides, Blautia, Clostridium, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Gemmiger, Kineothrix, Megamonas, Parabacteroides and Ruminococcus was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while that of Prevotella and Veillonella was higher (P<0.05) in the patients than the control group. The prediction analysis of intestinal flora function revealed that compared with control group, the pathways related to polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism and lipid metabolism were more abundant in the CHB patients with acute exacerbation. Conclusion The diversity and richness of gut microbiota in CHB patients with acute exacerbation are significantly lower than those in healthy people, and their community structure has changed significantly. The imbalance of gut microbiota may be an important cause of acute exacerbation of CHB.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of resistance training intervention on the middle-aged and elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods A total of 40 middle-aged [(55±3) years old] and 40 elderly [(66±4) years old] male MCI patients from Dalian Community Health Service Center were selected and randomly divided into middle-aged control (MC) group and middle-aged intervention (MI) group , old control (OC) group and old intervention (OI) group. MC and OC group received routine health education, MI and OI group received resistance training for 24 weeks. Changes were measured in cognitive function, body shape, hormone levels and muscle strength of subjects. SPSS statistics 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was perfomed using t test or χ² test depending on data type. Results After 24-week of exercise intervention, compared with MC group, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in MI group was significantly increased at T₂ stage (P<0.05), MoCA score in OI group was significantly higher than that in OC group at T₂ stage (P<0.05); compared with MC group, the body height, body mass and chest circumference of MI group increased slightly, and the waist circumference and hip circumference decreased slightly, but the difference was not statistically significant, and OI group showed the same trend compared with OC group; compared with MC group, the serum T and GH contents in MI group showed an increasing trend, while the serum C content showed a decreasing trend, and the serum T and C contents were significantly different at T₂ stage (P<0.05). Compared with OC group, OI group showed the same changing trend, and the improvement effect was better than that in MI group. Compared with MC group, muscle strength (grip strength) in MI group was significantly increased at T₂ stage (P<0.05), muscle strength (grip strength) in OI group was significantly higher than that in OC group at T₂ stage (P<0.05), and the improvement effect was better than that in MI group. Conclusion A 24-week resistance training can effectively improve the cognitive function of the middle-aged and elderly MCI patients, and the intervention effects are affected by multiply factors. It exerts a positive effect on hormone levels with a better effect in the OI group. However, the improvement effects on weight, height and body circumferences are not significant. It can effectively increase the muscle strength as represented by grip strength, and the increase is greater in OI group.

Abstract:Objective To explore the status of frailty and oral health in elderly inpatients and analyze the impact of oral health on frailty, so as to provide evidence for targeted intervention. Methods A total of 700 elderly inpatients were subjected from the Geriatric Hospital of Shaanxi Provincial People′s Hospital from May to November 2022 by convenience sampling. All of them were investigated by the general information sheet, geriatric oral health assessment index (GOHAI), and Tilburg frailty index (TFI). Among them, 685 patients had valid questionnaires. According to the score of TFI, they were divided into non-frailty (n=347) and frailty (n=338) groups. Their general data and status of oral health were compared between the two groups. SPSS statistics 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test was employed for comparison between groups depending on data type. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between frailty and oral health. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of frailty. Results The ratio of frailty was 49.3% (338/685) in the subjected elderly inpatients, and the score of GOHAI was 54 (48,57) points, which was at a medium level. The total score of GOHAI and the scores of each dimension were significantly lower in the frailty group than the non-frailty group (P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that oral health was negatively correlated with frailty (r=-0.599, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age (OR=1.043,95%CI 1.009-1.079), unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR=2.226,95%CI 1.176-4.211), poly-pharmacy (OR=1.986,95%CI 1.329-2.968), larger number of decayed teeth (OR=1.054,95%CI 1.016-1.093), oral ulcer in the past year (OR=1.930,95%CI 1.111-3.351), and medium (OR=4.345,95%CI 2.437-7.747) and low (OR=9.149,95%CI 4.454-18.795) levels of oral health were risk factors for frailty in the elderly inpatients, while physical exercise (OR=0.596,95%CI 0.403-0.881) was a protective factor (all P<0.05). Conclusion Oral health is closely associated with frailty in elderly inpatients. The lower the level of oral health, the higher the incidence of frailty. Medical staff should pay more attention to the identification and screening of oral health in the elderly, include oral health into the health management for the frail elderly, and delay the severity of frailty through active early intervention.

Abstract:Objective To explore abnormal Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scores in the elderly patients with carotid plaques and stenosis and to analyze the risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in this population. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of 337 patients with carotid plaque and stenosis in the Health Management Center of First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from March 2021 to March 2022. They were investigated using personal information questionnaire (PIQ), MoCA scale, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). According to MoCA scores, the patients were divided into normal cognitive function group (n=173) and MCI group (n=164). SPSS statistics 24.0 was used for data analysis. According to the data type, the t test, χ² test or Fisher′s exact probability test was used for comparison between groups. Binomial logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of MCI. Results The rate of MCI in the elderly patients with carotid plaque and stenosis was 48.66% (164/337), the rate of left carotid artery stenosis (56.38%) being higher than that of right carotid artery stenosis (39.17%), and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that education years (OR=0.595,95%CI 0.453-0.782; P<0.001) and albumin (OR=0.153,95%CI0.033-0.712; P=0.017) were the protective factors in MCI patients and that the average daily sleep time <8h in the last month (OR=2.532,95%CI 1.655-3.932; P=0.025), duration of hypertension (OR=1.221,95%CI 1.029-1.448; P=0.022), body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.112,95%CI 1.021-1.535; P=0.012), platelet count (OR=1.032,95%CI 1.002-1.062; P=0.036), monocyte count (OR=1.186,95%CI 1.052-1.338; P=0.012), and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=2.205,95%CI 1.291-4.470; P=0.015) were risk factors. Conclusion Patients with left carotid plaque and stenosis had a higher risk of MCI than those with right carotid plaque and stenosis. The average daily sleep time <8h in the last month, duration of hypertension, BMI, platelet count, monocyte count and glycosylated hemoglobin were risk factors for MCI in the elderly patients with carotid artery stenosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly aged 60 years and above living in the old town of Xiangtan City and to construct a prediction model for its risk factors. Methods The community residents≥60 years old were recruited through convenience sampling from 5 communities (Xinsi Village, Xinwu Village, Quanxintang, Leigongtang, Batang Community) in the old town of Xiangtan City from July to November 2021 to screen the prevalence of sarcopenia. Bioelectrical impedance analyzer InbodyS10 was used to measure muscle mass. Muscle strength was measured by grip dynamometer, limb circumference was measured, 6-meter walking speed was observed, and physical function was assessed by short physical performance battery. Basic information and suspected risk factors were collected through on-site survey questionnaires. SPSS statistics 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was perfomed using t test, Wilcoxon test, χ² test or Fisher exact probability test depending on data type. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors related to sarcopenia. R4.2.2 software and RMS package were used to create a risk column chart prediction model for sarcopenia, and draw the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the predictive performance of the column chart model. Results A total of 556 elderly patients were included in the study, including 276 males and 280 females. There were 87 (15.65%) patients with sarcopenia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.141,95%CI 1.088-1.201) was the risk factor for sarcopenia, while, body mass index (OR=0.732,95%CI 0.627-0.852), thigh circumference (OR=0.899,95%CI 0.832-0.961) and calf circumference (OR=0.871,95%CI 0.761-0.992) were protective factors for the occurrence of sarcopenia. According to these 4 variables, a prediction model was constructed, and the area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.895. Conclusion The prevalence of sarcopenia is quite high in the elderly in the old urban area of Xiangtan City, and the males have a higher prevalence than the females. Advanced age is a risk factor, while larger body mass index, thicker thigh and calf circumferences are protective factors for the occurrence of sarcopenia. Our prediction model shows a good predictive capacity for occurrence of sarcopenia.

Abstract:Objective To explore the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in elderly patients with hiatal hernia (HH) complicated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and determine the effect of anti-reflux surgery (laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair combined with fundoplication) on OSA in these elderly patients. Methods A total of 83 elderly patients diagnosed with HH complicated with GERD in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were recruited, 6 cases were excluded, and then the 77 cases were divided into OSA group (n=45) and non-OSA group(n=32) according to the results of polysomnography (PSG). The changes in body mass index (BMI), apnea hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), longest apnea time (LAT), lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO₂), Epworth sleepiness score (ESS), and results of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GERD-Q), and serum levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were compared before and after surgery. SPSS statistics 25.0 was used for data analysis. Based on data type, comparison between groups was performed using student′s t test, Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of preoperative inflammatory indicators with sleep parameters, and the difference between inflammatory indicators and sleep parameters in OSA group before and after surgery. Results AHI, ODI, LAT, ESS score and serum levels of IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly higher, and LSaO₂ was obviously lower in the OSA group than the non-OSA group (P<0.05). In the OSA group, the serum TNF-α level was positively correlated with AHI, ODI and LAT, and negatively with LSaO₂ (r=0.647,0.579,0.477, -0.312; P<0.05); the serum IL-8 level was positively correlated with AHI and ODI, and negatively with LSaO₂ (r=0.422,0.501, -0.330; P<0.05). Compared with pre-operation, the OSA group had notably decreased AHI, ODI, LAT, ESS score, GERD-Q, and serum IL-8 and TNF-α levels, and increased LSaO₂ after operation (P<0.05). In the OSA group, the change of serum TNF-α level before and after surgery was positively correlated with the changes of AHI, ODI and LAT (r=0.329,0.408,0.529; P<0.05), and the difference of serum IL-8 level before and after surgery was positively correlated with the changes of AHI, ODI and LAT, and negatively with the change of LSaO₂ (r=0.343,0.371,0.350, -0.330; P<0.05). Conclusion For the elderly with HH complicated with GERD, the presence of OSA is quite common. The male patients have similar proportion as the female, and mainly mild to moderate OSA in severity. Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair combined with fundoplication alleviates the symptoms of OSA, attenuates the severity, and reduce inflammation in the patients.

Abstract:Objective To study the influencing factors on compliance of late cardiac rehabilitation in elderly patients with myocardial infarction. Methods Totally 178 elderly patients with myocardial infarction admitted to the Qionghai People′s Hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were enrolled as the study subjects. General information, cardiac rehabilitation information awareness, social support, anxiety, depression and general self-efficacy were investigated. The out-of-hospital early (stage Ⅱ) cardiac rehabilitation compliance was statistically analyzed. The patients were divided into good compliance group (n=19) and poor compliance group (n=159) according to CR compliance in stage Ⅱ. SPSS statistics 19.0 was used for data analysis. According to the data types, independent sample t test and χ² test were used respectively, binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent factors affecting the stage Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation compliance in elderly patients with myocardial infarction. Results Among 178 elderly patients with myocardial infarction, 19 cases (10.67%) had good compliance of stage Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that awareness of cardiac rehabilitation-related information (OR=0.460,95%CI 0.339-0.625), social support (OR=0.498,95%CI 0.318-0.778) and cardiac self-efficacy (OR=0.294, 95%CI 0.096-0.894) were the protective factors of stage Ⅱcardiac rehabilitation compliance in elderly patients with myocardial infarction, and anxiety (OR=1.455,95%CI 1.299-1.630) was a risk factor of compliance of stage Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation in elderly patients with myocardial infarction. Conclusion The compliance of stage Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation in elderly patients with myocardial infarction is generally at a low level. It is suggested to improve the cardiac rehabilitation compliance of patients by enhancing the own disease efficacy, awareness of cardiac rehabilitation-related know-ledge, social support and relieving the anxiety of patients.

Abstract:Objective To explore whether residual cholesterol (RC) can serve as an evaluation indicator for risk stratification and prognosis in the elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods This was a retrospective cohort observation study. The cohort included consecutive elderly ACS patients admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021. The baseline clinical data, laboratory examination data, and other data were collected through the electronic medical record system, and RC was calculated. The baseline Syntax score (bSS) and residual Syntax score (rSS) were analyzed through coronary angiography. All patients were followed up, with the endpoint being the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of the occurrence of MACEs, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the predictive value of different risk factors in the prognosis of ACS patients, and the Spearman correlation test to evaluate the association between RC and the severity of coronary artery. SPSS statistics R was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was performed using t test, Kruskal-Wallis H test or χ² test depending on data type. Results Totally 740 elderly ACS patients were enrdled, of whom 84 (11.35%) had MACEs during the one-year follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression showed that after adjustment, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR=0.998,95%CI 0.997-1.000; P=0.015) and RC (OR=0.135,95%CI 0.069-0.265; P<0.001) were independent risk factors for MACEs in the elderly ACS patients. The ROC curve analysis showed that LDL-C (AUC=0.754,95%CI 0.719-0.786) and RC (AUC=0.774,95%CI 0.740-0.805) had good predictive value for patients′ prognosis, and that the combination of them (AUC=0.868,95%CI 0.840-0.893) was more efficacious than each one alone (P<0.001). The correlation coefficient R² between RC and rSS was 0.46, indicating a positive correlation (P<0.05). Conclusion RC is positively correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis and is valuable in predicting MACEs in the elderly ACS patients.

Abstract:Objective To explore the correlation of pulse transit time (PTT)-based beat-by-beat blood pressure monitoring with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 57 suspected OSA patients admitted in the Sleep Respiratory Monitoring Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2021 to January 2022. Their sleep monitoring parameters and blood pressure changes based on PTT were collected and analyzed. The clinical data, respiratory event index (REI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), time proportion of blood oxygen saturation below 90% (T90%), blood pressure increase index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in different postures were recorded and collected. According to the severity of OSA, age and gender, the patients were respectively divided into a mild OSA group (18 cases) and a moderate to severe OSA group (24 cases), a <60-year-old group (28 cases) and a ≥60-year-old group (14 cases), and a male group (31 cases) and a female group (11 cases). SPSS statistics 26.0 was used for data analysis. Independent-samples t-test was employed for intergroup comparison. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation of REI, ODI, T90% and blood pressure increase index. Results Finally, 50 patients were enrolled in the study, and 42 of them [a mean age of (53.60±11.93) years] were confirmed with OSA. In the OSA patients, REI, ODI and T90% were moderately positively correlated with blood pressure increase index (r=0.651,0.633,0.714, P<0.001), while the lowest SpO₂ value was negatively correlated with the blood pressure increase index (r=-0.582; P<0.001). The increments of average and maximum blood pressure were weakly negatively correlated with age (r=-0.353, -0.332; P<0.05). Significant differences were observed between the patients with mild OSA and those with moderate to severe OSA in blood pressure increase index, number of blood pressure increase, average systolic blood pressure, maximum systolic blood pressure, supine systolic blood pressure, and supine diastolic blood pressure (all P<0.05). And statistical differences were also seen in average and maximum increments in blood pressure between the OSA patients aged ≥60 years and those <60 years [(13.64±0.84) vs (15.11±1.64) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (23.71±6.58) vs (25.36±17.85) mmHg, P<0.05]. The male OSA patients had statistically higher blood pressure increase index, and average and maximum increments in blood pressure than the female ones [(21.75±19.96) vs (7.02±3.87) times/h, (14.97±1.62) vs (13.64±0.92) mmHg, (34.58±17.10) vs (22.73±7.23) mmHg, P<0.05]. Conclusion Beat-by-beat blood pressure measurement based on PTT technology could reflect the elevated nocturnal blood pressure of OSA patients. The severity of OSA was closely associated with increment of nocturnal blood pressure, especially in those aged <60 years and the male OSA patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status and related factors of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES). Methods A total of 536 CHD patients undergoing PCI in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2021 were enrolled as the study subjects. According to their age, they were divided into elderly group (n=330) and young and middle-aged group (n=206). At 6-12 months of follow-up, the incidence rate of DES-ISR was observed in the patients of different age groups. According to the imaging results, the patients were divided into ISR group and non-ISR group, and the related factors affecting DES-ISR were analyzed. SPSS statistics 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was performed using student′s t test or Chi-square test depending on data type. Results The incidence rate of DES-ISR after PCI was 18.18% (60/330) in the elderly group and 15.53% (32/330) in the young and middle-aged group, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups. The elderly ISR group had obviously larger proportions of diabetes mellitus, bifurcation, calcification, diffuse stenosis, poor postoperative medication compliance, and under-expansion of the stent and stent fractures, higher preoperative Gensini score, larger stent diameter and longer stent length and higher stent number, and higher count fasting blood glucose level when compared with those without ISR group (all P<0.05). In the young and middle-aged patients with ISR, larger proportions of hypertension, smoking and drinking, and higher Gensini score and low-density lipoprotein level were observed than in those without ISR (all P<0.05). Conclusion The related factors affecting the incidence of DES-ISR after PCI in CHD patients of different age groups are not the same. The risk of DES-ISR after PCI is mainly related to the severity of coronary artery lesion and stent implantation status in the elderly, while postoperative bad living habits in the young and middle-aged patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of allergic rhinitis (AR) in the elderly. Methods A total of 236 AR patients treated in Beijing Royal Hospital of Integrative Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled into the study group. According to the age, they were divided into a young and middle-aged group (aged 18-59 years old; n=102) and an elderly group (age≥60 years old; n=134). A control group enrolled 160 elderly volunteers treated in the same hospital during the same period, who matched the elderly AR group in age and gender but without allergic disease. Firstly, the young and middle-aged AR group and the elderly AR group were compared in the clinical characteristics, and then a binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the AR onset in the elderly in reference to the control group. SPSS 19.0 was used for data analysis. Comparison between two groups was performed usingχ²test. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the gender ratio and incidence peak among the AR patients in different age groups. The rate of positive allergen tests in elderly AR patients (32.09%, 43/134) was lower than that in the young and middle-aged AR group (68.63%, 70/102) and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The AR type in elderly group was mostly intermittent (53.73%, 72/134) and the severity was mostly mild (63.43%, 85/134); the AR type in young and middle-aged group was mostly persistent (60.78%, 62/102), and the severity was equally mild (50.00%, 51/102) and moderate-to-severe (50.00%, 51/102), the differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of throat discomfort/cough in elderly AR patients (29.85%, 40/134) was lower than that in young and middle-aged group (46.08%, 47/102) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in other accompanying diseases. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that pet ownership, exposure to occupational dust, family history of AR, and history of asthma were independent factors affecting the onset of AR in the elderly (OR=1.752,2.036,1.992,3.916; P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with the young and middle-aged patients, the elderly AR patients have lower positive rate of allergen tests and milder clinical manifestations and disease. It is clinically necessary to pay attention to the screening and diagnosis of AR in the elderly to reduce the rates of the missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses. It is also necessary to emphasize the screening for AR in the elderly with clinical symptoms and high risk factors such as pet ownership, exposure to occupational dust, family history of AR and history of asthma.

Abstract:Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex aortic disease affected by multiple risk factors. The present studies on AAA mainly focus on the role of blood disorders, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial mechanical sensors in the development of AAA, but the pathogenesis of AAA remains unknown. Aortic microcirculation is one of the important sources of blood perfusion and oxygen in the arterial wall. In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has shown that dysfunction in aortic microcirculation may plays an important role in the development, treatment, and prognosis of AAA. Therefore, exploring the possible microcirculatory pathogenesis in the progression of AAA contributes to the understanding and development of adjuvant therapeutical strategies targeting microcirculation for AAA, implying important value in translational medicine.

Abstract:Lung cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Frailty is a serious problem in an aging population and has received widespread attention in the development of oncology. Frailty is a clinical syndrome of physiological reserve decline, resulting in increased physical vulnerability and diminished anti-stress ability. Moreover, it is closely related to complications and mortality in treatment, and affects the prognosis of lung cancer patients. In this article, we reviewed the assessment tools, mechanisms, adverse effects on prognosis, and interventions for frailty in lung cancer, aiming to better understand frailty and help identify and manage frailty in lung cancer patients.

Abstract:In order to better cope with the issue of population aging, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a new conceptual model of intrinsic capacity in 2015, aiming to pay more attention to the functional status of the elderly, and thus intrinsic capacity becomes a new direction of geriatric research. Early screening and assessment of intrinsic capacity is essential for older adults. So far, however, no consensus has been reached on the assessment of intrinsic capacity. In this article, we reviewed the current assessment tools of intrinsic capacity in order to provide a reference for clinical medical staff to assess intrinsic capacity.

Abstract:A rapid rise in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and depression has been seen in the elderly in recent years. Depression in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease is common, but features insidious occurrence, a long course, and difficulty to cure. Depression has been linked to the onset, progression, and outcome of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. The two conditions may interact through mechanisms such as disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis/autonomic nervous system,endothelial cell dysfunction, platelet activation, and inflammation. Despite limited evidence for antidepressant treatment in the elderly patients with cardiovascular disease, pharmacologic or nonpharmacological strategies for depression confer benefits.

Abstract:In recent years, the research on the correlation between chronic heart failure (CHF) and sarcopenia has become a hot topic in geriatrics. CHF patients can present loss of peripheral skeletal muscle in the early stage of the disease, resulting in a decline in physical activity. Evidence showed that CHF patients have significantly higher prevalence of sarcopenia than healthy age-matched individuals. CHF may cause sarcopenia through a variety of pathophysiological means, such as malnutrition, inflammation, hormone changes, oxidative stress and cell autophagy and apoptosis, etc. At the same time, sarcopenia exerts serious impact on the progression and prognosis of CHF. In addition, since the clinical manifestations of sarcopenia are not obvious, once patients experience symptoms, it usually indicates a significant decline in muscle mass and function. Therefore, it is essential for early screening for sarcopenia in CHF patients and then timely intervention. In this article, we focused on sarcopenia screening and reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of CHF complicated with sarcopenia.