Abstract:Objective To explore the appropriate dose of rivaroxaban to prevent stroke in elderly Chinese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in order to improve the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulation therapy. Methods From December 2016 to December 2018,152 consecutive elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation admitted in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital were randomly divided into rivaroxaban A group and rivaroxaban B group. Group A received the international recommended dose of rivaroxaban (15 mg) and group B a low dose (10 mg). After 12-month follow-up, the clinical data of 73 patients in group A and 67 patients in group B got analyzed. The blood routine, coagulation function, plasma anti-Xa factor activity concentration were tested and thromboelastography was performed before and after the treatment of rivaroxaban. The bleeding events, ischemic events and all-cause deaths were recorded during 12 months of follow-up. SPSS statistics 26.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Student′s t test, Chi-square test, or Rank sum test was employed for intergroup comparison depending on different data types. Kaplan-Meier survival curve is plotted for survival analysis. Results There were no significant changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and hemoglobin (Hb), blood platelet (PLT) count, or platelet aggregation before and after rivaroxaban treatment in both groups (P>0.05). The peak activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), peak plasma prothrombin time (PT), peak prothrombin activity (PTA), peak international normalized ratio (INR) and trough concentration of anti-Xa factor were significantly higher in group A than group B (P<0.05). But there were neither obvious differences in the other coagulation indexes between the 2 groups (P>0.05), nor in the main indicators of the thromboelastogram between them (P>0.05). Except for hematuria, no significant differences were found in the incidences of ischemic events, major hemorrhagic events and all-cause deaths between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate of group A was 93.5% and that of group B was 84.6%, but there was also no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion The risk of ischemia and hemorrhage in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in China needs to be individually assessed before the initiatively prevention and treatment of stroke. A low dose of rivaroxaban is recommended for anticoagulation therapy, which can achieve obvious and relatively safe clinical benefits.

Abstract:Objective To explore the predictive value of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score, mini-nutrtional assessment (MNA) score combined with serum procalcitonin (PCT) level in the prognosis of elderly patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP). Methods Clinical data of 128 elderly SCAP patients admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to April 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. After follow-up for 4 weeks, the patients were divided into survival group (n=110) and death group (n=18). The scores of qSOFA, MNA, pneumonia severity index (PSI) and Confusion-Uremia-Respiratory rate, Blood pressure and age ≥65 years (CURB-65), and the serum level of PCT were compared on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after admission between the 2 groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of qSOFA, MNA, CURB-65 and PSI scores and serum PCT level to analyze the risk factors for prognosis. SPSS statistics 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Student′s t test or Chi-square test was employed for intergroup comparison on different data types. Results The qSOFA score and serum PCT on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days were significantly lower in the survival group than the death group, and their average values at 1 week were obviously lower than those of the death group (P<0.05). The survival group had significantly higher MNA scores on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days than the death group, so was the average MNA score at 1 week (P<0.05). The scores of CURB-65 and PSI in the survival group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days were lower than those in the death group (P<0.05). The serum PCT level was positively correlated with qSOFA score (r=0.812, P<0.05), and negatively with MNA score (r=-0.785, P<0.05). The prognostic AUCs of qSOFA score, MNA score and serum PCT alone, and combined together were 0.712,0.705,0.722, and 0.862, respectively, and those of CURB-65 and PSI scores were 0.702 and 0.698, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that length of hospital stay, respiratory acidosis, invasive mechanical ventilation, increased qSOFA score and serum PCT level, and decreased MNA score were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients (P<0.05). Conclusion qSOFA and MNA scores combined with serum PCT level can be used to predict the prognosis of elderly SCAP patients.

Abstract:Objective To study the relationship of hyperglycemia with clinical pathological features and postoperative complications of colorectal cancer in the elderly. Methods Clinical data of 78 elderly patients with colorectal cancer in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from July 2019 to July 2020 were retrospectively collected in this study. They were and divided into hyperglycemia group (n=36) and normal blood glucose group (n=42) according to blood glucose level. The clinical data, pathological indexes, tumor markers and postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups. SPSS statistics 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between 2 groups was performed using Chi-square test, student′s t test, Wilcoxon test, Fisher exact probability test or Kruskal-Wallis test depending on date types. Results There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI) and first symptoms between the 2 groups (both P<0.05). In the hyperglycemia group, tumor masses were mostly located in the left colon, while in the normal glucose group, majorly in the right colon, and statistical difference was seen in the site (P<0.05). The tumor stage of the hyperglycemia group was generally in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ, that of normal glucose group was in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05), but lymph node metastasis was quite common in the former group (P<0.05). The hyperglycemia group had significantly higher preoperative levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA199 when compared with the normal glucose group (P<0.05), but no such differences were observed in the preoperative levels of CA125, CA242, CA724 and CA50 and postoperative levels of CEA, CA125, CA199, CA242, CA724 and CA50 between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). The preoperative CEA level differed in different pathological stages (P<0.05), but such difference was only observed in the hyperglycemia group (P<0.05), not in the normal glucose group (P>0.05). The hyperglycemia group had notably higher incidence rate of postoperative complications than the other group [33.4% (12 cases) vs 28.7% (12 case), P<0.05]. Conclusion Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for colorectal cancer in the elderly. Health education on blood glucose control can reduce the postoperative infection rate in these patients.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of cerebral infarction complicated with metabolic syndrome in the elderly patients. Methods A total of 154 elderly patients diagnosed with cerebral infarction were collected from Friendship Hospital in Yangzhou, 80 being complicated with metabolic syndrome (observation group) and 74 elderly being not (control group). The two groups were then compared in the general clinical data, plasma cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) fasting blood glucose(FBG), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, neurological function and complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the related factors of cerebral infarction complicated with metabolic syndrome. SPSS statistics 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was perfomed using χ²test or t test depending on date type. Results In observation group, BMI was (28.3±3.5) kg/m², waistline (94.6±10.2) cm, smoking history 35(43.8%), drinking history 33(41.3%), hypertension 57(71.3%), hyperglycemia 68(80.0%) and hyperglycemia blood lipids 49(61.3%), which were all higher than those in control group [25.7±2.9) kg/m², (89.3±9.4) cm, 20(27.0%)、18(24.3%)、36(48.6%)、39(52.7%)、30(40.5%)], with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). In observation group, TC was (5.25±1.13) mmol/L, TG (2.36±0.85) mmol/L, FPG (7.83±0.87) mmol/L, systolic blood pressure (149.32±12.41) mmHg (1mmHg=0.133kPa), diastolic blood pressure (89.34±9.12) mmHg, 2 h postprandial blood glucose (10.81±3.45) mmol/L and fasting insulin (10.86±2.75) mmol/L, which were all higher than those in control group [(4.89±0.94) mmol/L, (1.82±0.64) mmol/L, ( 6.28±0.57)mmol/L, (141.71±11.52)mmHg, (82.31±7.61)mmHg, (7.87±3.14)mmol/L and (8.49±2.53)mmol/L], while HDL-C in observation group [(0.94±0.24) mmol/L] was lower than that in control group [(1.08±0.36) mmol/L], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). In the observation group, the rate of neurological function score as (24.62±6.74) points, the rate of neurological function score as severe 41.3%(33/80), lung infection 11.3%(9/80), heart failure 28.8%(23/80), and liver and kidney failure 16.3%(13/80), which were all higher than those of the control group [(17.21±6.25) points, 21.6%(16/74), 2.7%(2/74), 9.5%(7/74), 4.1%(3/74)], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate of cerebral infarction between two groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, FPG≥6.1 mmol/L, TG≥1.7 mmol/L, obesity and pulmonary infection were the risk factors of cerebral infarction complicated with metabolic syndrome in the elderly patients. Conclusion The elderly patients with cerebral infarction complicated with metabolic syndrome have serious illness and poor prognosis. Hypertension, FPG≥6.1 mmol/L, TG≥1.7 mmol/L, obesity and pulmonary infection are the risk factors.

Abstract:Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of robot system assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and traditional surgery in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly patients. Methods A total of 78 elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were prospectively recruited in this study. They were randomly divided into observation group (n=39) and the control group (n=39), with the former group undergoing robot system-assisted UKA and the latter traditional surgery. Their perioperative data, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 8,16, 24 h after surgery, and knee society score (KSS) at 6 months postoperatively were collected and compared between the 2 groups. Results The observation group had significantly longer operation time [(155±22) vs (135±22) min] and shorter use time of intraoperative tourniquet [(27±10) vs (40±9) min], and obviously less total blood loss on the second day after operation [(476±290) vs (536±215) ml] when compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The VAS scores at 8 and 16 h after surgery were (3.2±1.2) and (1.8±0.8) points in the observation group and (4.6±1.4) and (2.3±1.1) points in the control group, and significant differences were seen between the 2 groups (all P<0.05). But no such difference was observed in the score at 24 h [(1.1±0.3) vs (1.2±0.5) points, P>0.05]. At 6 months postoperatively, statistical differences were seen in the KSS score [(78±11) vs (90±6)points] and functional score [(70±16) vs (79±12)points] between 2 groups (both P<0.05). Conclusion Robot system-assisted UKA can provide excellent precision and safety through a minimally invasive approach, and promote postoperative knee function recovery in patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status of health literacy of elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and their caregivers, and to explore the effects of their literacy levels on patient′s self-care. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 500 caregivers and 500 elderly CHF inpatients who were hospitalized in 3 tertiary general hospitals in Zhengzhou City. Surveys were conducted using the general information questionnaire for the patients and their caregivers, Chinese version of the HF specific health literacy scale, 2009 Chinese citizen health literacy questionnaire, the Chinese version of the heart failure self-care behavior scale. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. For different data types, student′s t test or Chi-square test were employed for intergroup comparison. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between health literacy and self-care ability of patients and caregivers. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of health literacy on self-care ability of patients. Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of patient and caregiver health literacy were positively correlated with the patient′s self-care behaviors (r=0.757,0.655, both P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the health literacy levels of elderly CHF patients (β=0.405, P<0.05) and their caregivers (β=0.292, P<0.01) were main influencing factors for patient′s self-care. Conclusion Improving the health literacy levels of elderly CHF patients and caregivers can promote the self-care behaviors of patients. We should pay attention to and assess their health literacy levels. The caregivers should be included in the heart failure treatment and care team in order to initially establish a health education framework for the caregivers. And the health literacy intervention program suitable for both sides should be further studied so as to improve the self-care ability of patients and improve the outcome of heart failure.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of physical exercise combined with music on memory, psychological symptoms, and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with mild Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Methods Eighty-nine patients with mild AD admitted to our hospital from December 2016 to May 2018 were randomly divided into physical exercise combined with music group (musicokinetic therapy group, n=31), physical exercise without music accompaniment group (physical therapy group,n=30) and control group (n=28). Similar physical exercise were performed in the former 2 groups with music accompaniment or not, at ≥3 times per week, for ≥200 min per time, totally 3 consecutive months. The patients from the control group received no special interventions according to routine diagnosis and treatment. All subjects were given neuropsychological tests before and in 3 months after the interventions. SPSS statistics 13.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Student′s t test, Chi-square test, or analysis of variance was employed for intergroup comparison depending on different data types. Results In 3 months after intervention, the musicokinetic therapy group obtained significantly higher mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score when compared with the control group [(18.90±1.92) vs (17.60±2.10)points, P<0.05]. And the score of neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) was decreased from (19.19±5.25) to (16.03±5.61) points in the musicokinetic therapy group (P<0.05), and from (18.90±6.47) to (15.80±5.38) points in the physical therapy group (P<0.05). The distress score of caregivers was also greatly improved in above 2 groups [from (20.90±6.48) to (17.16±5.37) points and from (21.93±6.77) to (19.30±7.20) points, respectively; both P<0.05]. The ADL score was decreased in the control group after treatment [(81.07±6.29) vs (85.31±6.37) points, P<0.05]. There were no significant difference in the results of Auditory Verbal Learning Test among the 3 groups before and after treatment (all P>0.05). Conclusion Musicokinetic therapy can improve the memory and mental symptoms of mild AD patients, but no obvious advantages are observed when compared with simple physical therapy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the ECG manifestation of Bayes syndrome, a new early risk warning indicator of acute ischemic stroke(AIS), and its correlation with other risk factors of AIS. Methods A total of 195 AIS patients with sinus rhythm by electrocardiography (ECG) admitted to Jiuquan People′s Hospital from October 2018 to June 2019 were enrolled in this study, including 80 patients in cardiogenic embolic stroke group and 115 patients in non-embolic stroke group. The general information, AIS-related risk factors, National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score, and interatrial block (IAB) differences were compared between the two groups. Ninety-eight patients with IAB were further assigned into partial IAB (pIAB) and advanced IAB (aIAB) subgroups, and history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, left atrial diameter, and incidence of cardiogenic embolic stroke were analyzed between the two subgroups. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Student′s t test or Chi-square test was employed for different data types. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of cardioembolic stroke. Results In the embolic stroke group, 53 patients (66.2%) had IAB on routine ECG, and IAB was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05), as were known risk factors for cardiogenic stroke, hypertension, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, left atrial enlargement. There was statistical difference in NIHSS score between the two groups (P<0.05), and the embolic stroke group experienced severer stroke. History of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, left atrial enlargement, and cardiogenic embolic stroke were more common in the aIAB subgroup (P<0.05). Conclusion The ECG manifestation of Bayes syndrome is a new risk predictor for AIS, especially for cardiogenic embolic stroke. The manifestation of aIAB on electrocardiogram is more conducive to predict the occurrence of cardiogenic embolic stroke and improve the detection rate of risk factors such as left atrial enlargement and atrial fibrillation. So, attention to ECG manifestation of Bayes syndrome can improve stroke screening and prevention, and has important clinical significance.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the effect of modified Trendelenburg position in contrast to conventional Trendelenburg position on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Methods A total of 82 patients who underwent elective robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were selected. Among them, 40 were placed in the conventional Trendelenburg position, and 42 in a modified Trendelenburg position. After intubation under general anesthesia, the cerebral oxygen saturation was recorded prior to pneumoperitoneum (T₀), 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum (T₁), 10 minutes after posture (T₂), 60 minutes after posture (T₃), and 10 minutes after supine abdominal prone (T₄), and the mini-mental state examination was performed on the day before the operation, and the postoperative neurocognitive assessment was performed on day 1,3, and 7 after the operation. SPSS statistics 18.0 was used for data analysis, t test was used for intergroup comparison, and variance analysis for intragroup comparison. Results There was no significant difference in rSO₂ between the two groups at T₀ and T₁ (all P>0.05). In the traditional group, cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO₂) at T₂, T₃ and T₄ was (79±8)%,(80 ± 9)% and (72±10)%. In the modified posture group, rSO₂ at T₂, T₃ and T₄ was (71±6)%,(77±8)% and (69±9)%. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores between the two groups before and 7 days after operation (all P>0.05).The MMSE scores of the conventional posture traditional group on the first and third day after operation were (17.9±3.0), (21.3±2.1) points.The MMSE scores of the modified posture group on the first and third day after operation were (24.6±2.0), (25.2±2.2) points.The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion The modified Trendelenburg position can significantly reduce the increase of cerebral blood flow caused by the conventional Trendelenburg position, improving the mild impairment of postoperative cognitive function.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the risk factors for the severity of leukoaraiosis (LA) in patients aged ≥80 years and analyze the characteristics of LA in the diabetic patients. Methods Totally 202 patients aged≥80 years who were identified with LA by head MRI in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were recruited in this study. The severity of LA was assessed according to the rating scale for age-related white matter changes (ARWMC). The clinical baseline data were compared among the patients with different severities of LA. According to glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at admission, the diabetic patients were further divided into 3 subgroups, and their clinical features were compared. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. One-way ANONA, Chi-square test and rank sum test was employed for different data types. Related risk factors for LA were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Results As the severity of LA increased, the age showed an increasing trend, the prevalence of diabetes was elevated, and the fasting blood glucose level was increased, statistical differences were seen among the three groups (P<0.05). The ARWMC score was obviously higher in the diabetic group than the non-diabetic group [6.00 (4.00,8.00) vs 4.00 (3.00,6.00), P<0.001]. Multinomial regression analysis found that age and HbA1c level were independent risk factors for LA severity in diabetic mellitus group. Conclusion In the very old patients with LA, age and diabetes are correlated with LA severity. In the elderly diabetic patients with LA, HbA1c level is independently correlated with LA severity.

Abstract:Objective To explore the risk factors of early neurological deterioration (END) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in the patients with posterior circulatory ischemic stroke (PCIS) . Methods A total of 280 PCIS patients were retrospectively enrolled in the Department of Neurology of Yizheng People′s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. According to the changes of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) within 72 hours of admission, the patients were divided into the END group and the non-END group, and according to the imaging records, the HT group and non-HT group. SPSS statistics 25.0 was used for data analysis, and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent risk factors of END and HT. Results Baseline NIHSS score (OR=2.246,95%CI 1.082-4.662; P=0.030) and fasting blood glucose (OR=2.440,95%CI 1.205-4.939; P=0.013), uric acid (OR=15.310,95%CI 1.978-118.476; P=0.009), smoking (OR=5.556,95%CI2.645-11.668; P=0.000) were independent risk factors for END. Baseline NIHSS score (OR=7.923,95%CI1.377-45.597; P=0.020), fasting blood glucose (OR=8.160,95%CI 1.543-43.159; P=0.013) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR=8.529,95%CI:1.750-41.554; P=0.008) were independent risk factors for HT. Conclusion Higher baseline NIHSS score and fasting blood glucose were independent risk factors for END and HT in PCIS patients. Smoking and high uric acid levels were associated with END. Serum hs-CRP elevation is associated with HT.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the protective effect of Scutellaria barbata flavonoids (SBF) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) model and its underlying mechanism. Methods Fifty female SD rats randomly divided into 5 groups, with 10 rats in each group, that is, sham operation group (sham group), MI/RI group, and low-, middle- and high-dose SBF groups (30,75 and 140 mg/kg SBF respectively). The rat MI/RI models were established by ligating left anterior descending coronary arteries. Serum contents of creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The myocardial infarct area was measured using NBT staining. The protein levels of p53, Caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were detected by Western blot. The apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was measured by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL). SPSS statistics 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA was employed for inter-group comparisons. Results Compared with the MI/RI group, the low-, middle-and high-dose groups had obviously decreased serum contents of LDH [(807.51±30.74) vs (724.24±44.88) vs (568.63±40.49) vs (448.52±49.67) U/L] and CK-MB [(106.58±7.99) vs (92.45±4.88) vs (79.47±6.71) vs (70.51±5.88) U/L], protein levels of p53 [(1.19±0.05) vs (1.06±0.03) vs (1.02±0.03) vs (0.77±0.03)] and Caspase-3 (1.50±0.05) vs (1.01±0.05) vs (0.96±0.04) vs (0.41±0.04)], area of myocardial infarct (37.21% vs 27.45% vs 16.08% vs 8.00%) and cardiomyocytes apoptosis rates (43.82% vs 35.91% vs 32.01% vs 22.67%) (P<0.01, P<0.05), but significantly increased expression levels of Bcl-2 [(1.02±0.04)vs (1.37±0.08) vs (1.42±0.04) vs (1.62±0.04)] (P<0.01). Conclusion SBF preconditioning can inhibit the apoptosis pathway induced by p53 signaling pathway, and play a protective effect against MI/RI.

Abstract:Warfarin, as well as other vitamin K antagonists, is the most widely used anticoagulant drug currently in clinical practice, and is mainly used to prevent thrombotic events due to heart valve replacement, atrial fibrillation and other diseases. However, there are many factors affecting its clinical efficacy, and the effective dose of warfarin varies greatly among individuals. With the in-depth study of warfarin pharmacogenomics, individualized warfarin medicine has gradually become possible. At present, the use of warfarin under genetic guidance is still controversial. This article reviewed the non-genetic factors and genetic factors that affect warfarin dose variation in order to provide a reference for disease precision treatment.

Abstract:The incidence and mortality of rectal cancer remain high in China. Standardized preoperative regimen of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and total mesorectal excision has significantly reduced the risk of local recurrence of rectal cancer, but has not improved overall survival(OS). At present, radiotherapy has been shown to affect anal function, urination function, and sexual function. To minimize treatment-related toxicity and improve OS, reoperation with neoadjuvant chemotherapy without radiotherapy may be a better option. This review aimed to clarify the research status and feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Abstract:Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has been widely used in the treatment of cervical disc degeneration diseases. Dysphagia, one of its common postoperative complications, mainly manifests as dysfunctions in the process of swallowing food, and discomfort, such as obstruction, stagnation and burning in the pharynx, posterior sternum, or esophagus, which affects the prognosis of patients. In this paper, we reviewed the risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical fusion surgery.