Abstract:Objective To analyze the high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in the elderly. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of laboratory-confirmed 65 NTM-PD cases in Beijing Geriatric Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020. The patients were divided into the elderly group (age ≥60 years; n=31) and the young and middle-age group (age <60 years; n=34). An analysis was done of the general information and HRCT features of the elderly group, and a comparison was made of the two groups. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. The numeration data were expressed as cases (percentage) and compared between the two groups using χ² test. Results Among the 31 elderly patients [male, 20 (64.5%)], five lobes affected were observed in 22 cases (71.0%), bronchiectasis in 26 cases (83.9%), strip shadow in 26 cases (83.9%), pulmonary nodules in 25 cases (80.6%), pleura thickening in 16 cases (51.6%), and pulmonary cavity in 14 cases (45.2%). The number of male patients in the elderly group was significantly less than that in the young and middle-aged group, the difference being statistically significant [20 (64.5%) and 29 (85.3%), χ²=3.773, P= 0.049]. The elderly group had higher incidences than the young and middle-aged group in bronchiectasis in right middle lobe[16 (51.6%) vs 7 (20.6%)], bronchiectasis in whole lobe[6 (19.6%) vs 0 (0.0%)], calcification in lung[18 (58.1%) vs 10 (29.4%)], pleural effusion[11 (35.5%) vs 2 (5.9%)], calcification or density increase of mediastinal lymph nodes[13 (41.9%) vs 5 (14.7%)] and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis[5 (16.1%) vs 0 (0.0%)]. The differences were statistically significant (χ²=6.826,15.660,5.429,7.127,6.004,5.941; all P<0.05). Conclusion NTM-PD in the elderly has a massive involvement and a wide range of manifestations in the lungs, with baro-nchiectasis of the whole lung as its main characteristic manifestation, and bronchiectasis is common in the middle lobe of the right lung.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of target control infusion of oxycodone combined with etomidate on hemodynamic indicators as compared with sufentanil combined with etomidate during general anesthesia induction in the elderly patients with emergency intestinal obstruction. Methods A total of 120 patients (aged 65-85 years, ASA classification Ⅰ-Ⅲ) were selected for the study, who underwent emergency surgery under general anesthesia for acute intestinal obstruction in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University. The patients were randomly divided into oxycodone-etomidate group (OE group, n=60) and sufentanil-etomidate group (SE group, n=60). All the patients were monitored for the invasive arterial blood pressure, the ultrasonic cardiac output, and the muscle relaxation. Patients in the OE group were intravenously administrated with 0.4mg/kg oxycodone, 1.5 mg/kg cisatracurium, followed by infusion with etomidate (target plasma concentration 0.5 μg/ml, Arden model), and in the SE group with 0.4 μg/kg sufentanil and 1.5 mg/kg cisatracurium followed by infusion with etomidate (target plasma concentration 0.5 μg/ml, Arden model). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), harmful stimulation index (ANI), electrical background double-frequency index (BIS), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), peripheral vascularresistance index (SVRI) were recorded immediately before general anesthesia (T0), immediately before intubation (T1), immediately after intubation (T2), 10 minutes after intubation (T3), immediately before skin incision (T4) and immediately after skin incision (T5). Results There was no significant difference in HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, ANI, CI, SV or SVRI between the two groups at T0 (P>0.05). At T1, the SE group showed lower CI, SV, SVRI, SBP, MAP and DBP than the OE group (P<0.05). At T2, the SE group showed higher HR and SBP, but lower CI, SV and SVRI than the OE group (P<0.05), At T3 and T4, CI, SV, SVRI, HR, SBP, DBP and MAP were lower in the SE group than the OE group (P<0.05). At T5, the SE group showed lower CI, SV and SVRI than the OE group (P<0.05). Noticeably, the SE group showed lower ANI at T2 and T5 than the OE group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in BIS between the two groups at any time points (P>0.05). Conclusion Target control infusion of oxycodone in combination with etomidate achieved satisfactory sedation depth and analgesia in the elderly patients with intestinal obstruction in response to the stimuli induced by endotracheal intubation and skin incision with more smooth hemodynamic alteration.

Abstract:Objective To compare recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) with milrinone in their efficacy and safety in treating the elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPHD). Methods Totally 69 CPHD patients were retrospectively collected, who were admitted to Tianjin Hospital and the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin from January 2017 to December 2019, and they were divided into rhBNP group and milrinone group. Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated based on the change of heart rate (HR), 24-hour urine volume, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), serum creatinine (SCr), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and after the treatment. SPSS statistics 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was perfomed using χ² test or t test depending on data type. Results The overall effective rate was 27(93.1%) in the rhBNP group and 29(72.5%) in the milrinone group with statistically significant difference (χ²=4.667, P=0.031). After treatment, the HR, BNP, SCr and PASP decreased, and the LVEF and 24-hour urine volume increased in both groups, the differences being statistically significant (all P<0.05). The comparison between two groups showed rhBNP outperformed milrinone in reducing BNP and PASP, improving LVEF, and increasing the 24-hour urine volume with significant differences (P<0.05). Nausea and vomiting, ventricular arrhythmia and other adverse reactions occurred in 3 (7.5%) patients in the milrinone group, and hypotension occurred in 2 patients in the rhBNP group, while the difference not being statistically significant (P>0.05). All patients with adverse reactions got improvement after dosage adjustment and symptomatic treatment, and no serious adverse outcomes occurred. Conclusion Both rhBNP and milrinone have obvious efficacy and safety in the elderly CPHD patients with acute exacerbation, and rhBNP is more effective than milrinone.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical application value of real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGMS) in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODSE) in the elderly of Bai Ethnic Minority. Methods From January to December 2018,112 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with MODSE admitted to People′s Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (APACHE Ⅱ score >15 points) were enrolled and then randomly divided into RT-CGMS group (n=56) and self-monitoring blood glucose group (SMBG group, n=56). The general clinical data, blood glucose fluctuation index, incidence of hypoglycemia, average daily insulin dosage, length of hospital stay and 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups. SPSS statistics 16.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Student′s t test or Chi-square test was employed for comparison between the two groups. Results The standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) was decreased from (3.2±1.1)mmol/L on the second day to (2.9±1.0)mmol/L on the third day of the treatment in the SMBG group (P<0.05), and in the RT-CGMS group, the mean blood glucose (MBG) was reduced from (10.8±2.5) to (8.8±1.9) mmol/L, SDBG from (2.8±0.8) to (1.8±0.7)mmol/L, largest amplitude of glycemic excursion (LAGE) from (8.9±3.6) to (7.2±1.6) mmol/L, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) from (6.3±1.0) to(5.0±0.4) mmol/L (all P<0.05). On the second day, the decrease of SDBG was more obvious in the RT-CGMS than the SMBG group [(2.8±0.8) vs (3.2±1.1)mmol/L, P<0.05). While, on the third day, the RT-CGMS group had more significant decrease in MBG [(8.8±1.9) vs (10.9±2.8) mmol/L], SDBG [(1.8±0.7) vs (2.9±1.0)mmol/L, and LAGE [(7.2±1.6) vs (9.6±3.1) mmol/L] when compared with the SMBG group (P<0.05). What′s more, the incidence of hypoglycemia (3.6% vs 16.1%), average daily insulin [(32.1±5.4) vs (38.2±6.8) IU/d] and length of hospital stay [(12.1±4.0) vs (14.6±4.2) d] in the RT-CGMS group were notably lower than those in the SMBG group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of RT-CGMS can reduce the fluctuation of blood glucose in Bai elderly diabetic patients complicated with MODSE, and show important clinical significance in improvement of rescue success rate, prolongation of survival period, and decrease of average length of hospital stay.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the impact of change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on the prognosis among patients diagnosed with sepsis. Methods A prospective study was conducted on the patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from December 2018 to May 2019. All the patients met the diagnostic criteria for the Third International Consensus Definition for Sepsis and Septic Shock (sepsis-3) published in 2016. Healthy volunteers were enrolled contemporaneously in the same hospital at medical center as control group. The patients with sepsis were followed up for 28 days and were divided into survival group and death group. The basic data were recorded, for the control group, including HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG); for the sepsis group, including HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, TG, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), blood lactate, plasma HDL-C levels on days 3 and 5, and 28-day prognosis. Analysis was performed of the correlation between HDL-C levels and PCT, CRP, APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA in the sepsis group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of death in the sepsis patients, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the prognostic value of the meaningful indicators for the sepsis patients. Results A total of 65 patients with sepsis and 65 healthy people were enrolled in the study. HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC in the sepsis patients were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05). The HDL-C expression was significantly different between the survival and death groups (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that lactic acid was a risk factor for sepsis death, while HDL-C at day 5 was a protective factor. Further ROC analysis showed that HDL-C at day 5 had a greater predictive value for the 28-day mortality rate of the sepsis patients with an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.833 (P<0.01). Lactic acid was also predictive of the prognosis of sepsis with an AUC of 0.708 (P<0.01). Conclusion HDL-C in sepsis patients is significantly lower than that in the control group, and continues to decrease with time. HDL-C is significantly lower in the death group of sepsis patients than in the survival group and could be used to predict prognosis.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of social support with general condition of hospitalization and outcome events (improvement, automatic discharge or death) in the hospitalized elderly people. Methods A total of 1 457 patients admitted in our geriatric department from January 2018 to January 2019 were enrolled in this study. The effects of household income per capita, living environment, family care situation, intimacy with family members, and other social support on the hospitalization times within recent 1 year, activities of daily living (Bathel ADL) and the outcome events (death or automatic discharge) were analyzed. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Spearman correlation analysis was employed for univariate correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis for multivariate correlation analysis. Results Among the 1 457 patients, significant correlations were observed in age, household income per capita, Bathel ADL at admission, and number of underlying diseases with the hospitalization times in recent 1 year (r=0.47,0.49, -0.45,0.69, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the hospitalization times in recent 1 year were correlated with age, household income per capita, and Bathel ADL (OR=2.73,2.15, 3.51, P<0.05). Age affected the patients′ Bathel ADL at admission (r=-0.62, P<0.05). The outcome events (death or automatic discharge) were related to age, household income per capita, intimacy with family members, Bathel ADL and number of underlying diseases (r=0.70, -0.17, 0.56,0.52,0.69, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the outcome events were correlated with household income per capita, intimacy with family members and Bathel ADL at admission (OR=4.22, 1.65, 4.81, P<0.05). Conclusion Age, household income per capita, and Bathel ADL at admission affect the hospitalization frequency and discharge outcome of patients. Improving the social economic level and strengthening the care for the elderly can improve the incidence of hospitalization related negative events.

Abstract:Objective To observe the changes of cognitive function and brain function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Ten CKD patients with stage 3-4 diagnosed in Dongzhimen Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected as the observation group, and 19 subjects with normal renal function as the control group. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale, auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) scale, digit span test(DST), animal fluency test (AFT) scale, trail making test part A and B (TMT A and B), and Alpine scale were used to evaluate the cognitive function and memory satisfaction of the two groups, and the resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI) scanning was performed to observe the differences in brain function between two groups. The clinical data were analyzed using SPSS statistics 20.0. Results In terms of cognitive function, compared with the control group, the scores of immediate recall, short-term recall and long-term recall of AVLT in the observation group were significantly decreased (P＜0.005), and the score of Alpine scale was also significantly decreased (P=0.024). In terms of brain function, the left hippocampal degree centrality (DC) of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.01); the functional connection between the left hippocampus and the middle frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus were decreased (P＜0.01), and the weakened functional connection was significantly negatively correlated with auditory short-term recall and long-term recall (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with people with normal renal function, CKD patients have a lower cognitive function, especially episodic memory function; in terms of brain function, CKD patients have higher DC of left hippocampus and lower functional connection between hippocampus and middle frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus,and this weakened functional connection is significantly negatively correlated with episodic memory function.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) on postoperative pain and quality of recovery (QoR) in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods A total of 60 patients were enrolled for analysis, who underwent elective THA under general anesthesia in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from December 2018 to September 2019. They were randomized into control group (group C) and block group (group Q), with 30 in each group. Patients in group Q received QLB before general anesthesia, and those in group C did not. Both groups used patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump after the operation. The visual analogue score (VAS) at rest and in movement were assessed postoperatively at 4,8, 24, and 48 h. The quality of recovery at postoperative 24 h was assessed using the quality of recovery questionnaire 15(QoR-15), and sleep quality on the first postoperative night was assessed using the Athens insomnia scale (AIS). The agition during awakening was assessed using the agition scores,the sedation at 10 min after extubation was assessed using the Ramsay sedation scale. The amount of general anesthetics, the number of postoperative salvage analgesia, adverse reactions and duration of hospital stay were documented. SPSS statistics 19.0 was used for data analysis. Results The VAS at rest at 4,8, and 24h were 1 (1,2), 2 (1,2) and 2 (1,3) for group Q and 3 (2,3),3 (2,4) and 3 (2,5) for group C, the difference being statistically significant (P＜0.05). The VAS in movement at 4,8, and 24h were 3 (2,4),3 (2,4) and 5 (4,6) for group Q and 6 (5,7),6 (5,8) and 7 (6,8) for group C, the difference being statistically significant (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the VAS between the two groups at postoperative 48h (P＞0.05). The QoR-15 score at postoperative 24h in group Q was significantly higher than that in group C [(99.2±9.7) vs (74.4±9.1);P＜0.05], and the AIS on the first night after surgery in group Q was significantly lower than that in group C [(9.8±2.4) vs (16.0±3.6);P＜0.05]. The agitation score in group Q was significantly lower than that in group C [0(0,1) vs 2(1,2);P＜0.05]and the Ramsay sedation score at 10 minutes after extubation in group Q was significantly higher than that in group C [3(2,3)vs 1(1,1); P＜0.05]. The amount of remifentanil [(1.15±0.23) vs (1.73±0.26) mg] during surgery and the rate of salvage analgesia (23.3% vs 53.3%) in group Q were significantly lower than those in group C(all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of hospital stay and the incidence of nausea and vomiting between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided QLB provides good postoperative analgesia for THA patients and improves early recovery.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the quality of life of the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and identify the affecting factors. Methods Data were collected of 479 T2DM patients aged 60 years or above, who completed European quality of life-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) in the survey on the cost of T2DM in 16 tertiary hospitals from March to November 2015. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify the impact of clinical characteristics on the quality of life. SPSS statistics 19.0 was used for data analysis. Results Of 479 patients, 191 (39.9%) reported problems with at least one dimension. Patients reporting problems in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression accounted for 15.0%,4.8%,9.0%,22.1% and 24.2%, respectively. The average EQ-5D score and European quality of life-5 dimensions visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) were(0.77±0.13) and(76.9±11.9). Age (B=-0.003, P=0.021), HbA1c (B=-0.010, P=0.037) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (B=-0.039,P=0.01) were predictors of EQ-5D score. HbA1c (B=-1.091, P=0.013), diabetic retinopathy (B=-3.192, P=0.019), cardiovascular disease (B=-3.470, P=0.019) and cerebrovascular disease (B=-4.649, P=0.003) were predictive factors affecting EQ-VAS score. Conclusion T2DM has significant impact on the quality of life of the elderly patients. Age, HbA1c, chronic diabetic complications, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities are affecting factors of the quality of life.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy of self-made Tianma Decoction combined with betahistine on residual dizziness and quality of life of the elderly patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) after reduction. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of the clinical data of 200 elderly BPPV patients who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2016 to January 2018. They were divided into control group and observation group according to different treatments, with 100 patients in each group. The control group was given betahistine mesylate, and the observation group was given self-made Tianma Decoction on the basis of the control group. After treatment, the two groups were compared for the efficacy, TCM syndrome score, visual analog scale (VAS) score and dizziness handicap inventory (DHI). SPSS statistics 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between groups was perfomed by using χ² test or t test depending on data type.Results After treatment, the TCM syndrome and VAS score score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [( 5.78±4.66) vs (9.21±5.18) points, (1.52±0.69) vs (3.41±0.88) points; P<0.05]. The observation group were lower than the control group in DHI scores of function [(10.08±2.54) vs (15.72±2.80)points], emotion [(8.44±2.99) vs (13.56±3.70)points], and physical body [(7.26±1.34) vs (12.49±2.11)points], the differences being statistically significant(all P<0.05). The recurrence rate and incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [9.0%(9/100) vs 39.0%(39/100), 5.0%(5/100) vs 14.0%(14/100); all P <0.05]. Conclusion The self-made Tianma Decoction combined with betahistine is effective in treating residual dizziness in the elderly patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, significantly alleviating the symptoms of vertigo, improving the quality of life, and reducing the recurrence rate with high safety.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of accelerated rehabilitation surgery on short-term surgical effect and stress response in the middle-age and elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated by internal fixation of proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA). Methods A total of 92 middle-aged and elderly (age≥55 years) patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture were selected for analysis, who were treated with PFNA fixation in Xuanhan Shuanghewang Yanhui Hospital from March 2018 to May 2019. The patients were randomly divided into the observation group (n=46) intervened with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and control group (n=46) with conventional measures. The two groups were compared in the perioperative stress, total perioperative blood loss, time to get out of bed, hospital stay, and incidence of perioperative complications. The hip Harris scores at postoperative 1 month and 3 months were recorded. SPSS statistics 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data comparison between two groups was perfomed using χ² test or t test depending on data type. Results After the operation, the observation group showed lower incidence of △SBP≥20 mmHg, △DBP≥20 mmHg and △HR≥20 times/min, lower levels than serum noradrenaline and angiotensin Ⅱ, but higher serum level of superoxide dismutase than the control group (P<0.05 for all). Harris scores at postoperative 3 months were much enhanced in both groups but were significantly higher in observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The observation group had less total perioperative blood loss, shorter time to get out of bed, shorter hospital stay, and lower incidence of perioperative complications than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion For the middle aged and elderly (age ≥55years) patients treated with PFNA internal fixation for the intertrochanteric fracture, ERAS can effectively reduce the stress response and enhance the functional recovery of the hip joint.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the protective role of oxiracetam in rats after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) and its underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 8 rats in each group, that is, sham operation group (Sham group), MI/RI group, and low- and high-dose groups (30 and 50 mg/kg oxiracetam respectively). In addition to normal feeding before surgery, the rats from the two treatment groups were given the corresponding dose of oxiracetam by gavage for once per day for 7 consecutive days. Then the anterior descending coronary artery was ligated in the rats of the latter 3 groups to establish the MI/RI model. Serum contents of lactate creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialldehyde (MDA) were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The percentage of myocardial infarction area, apoptosis rate of myocytes and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in myocardial tissue were measured and calculated. SPSS statistics 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA was employed for inter-group comparisons. Results The low- and high-dose groups had significantly lower percentage of myocardial infarction area (13.6% vs 22.3% vs 36.2%), apoptosis rate of myocytes (30.6% vs 21.3% vs 45.4%), and serum contents of CK-MB [(75.24±5.62) vs (63.10±7.23) vs (97.50±8.54)U/L], LDH [(660.62±49.84) vs (577.37±54.09) vs (900.02±57.74)U/L], MDA [(66.47±6.25) vs (57.08±4.99) vs (88.84±3.26)U/L] and IL-6 [(153.34±6.81) vs (143.31±9.08) vs (186.39±10.18)pg/ml], but obviously elevated serum SOD content [(24.80±3.32) vs (34.82±3.66) vs (15.22±1.24)U/ml] and Bcl-2/Bax ratio (0.47 vs 1.16 vs 0.19) when compared with the MI/RI group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Oxiracetam can protect MI/RI by attenuating oxidant stress response and suppressing mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective To explore the role of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) in myocardial infarction and its possible mechanism. Methods Thirty-six SPF male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=9 each):sham operation group, model group (myocardial ischemic group), treatment group treated with isoproterenol [ISO, 5mg/(kg·d)]+Ala-Gln [0.75mg/(kg·d)], and quercetin group treated with ISO[5mg/(kg·d)]+quercetin [100mg/(kg·d)] +Ala-Gln [0.75mg/(kg·d)]+dimethylsulfoxide. After successful modeling, the treatment and quercetin groups were treated for 7 days,while the sham operation group were treated with the same amount of saline. The rats were sacrificed after 7 days. HE staining was used to observe myocardial ischemic necrosis, area of myocardial ischemic necrosis was calculated by direct weighing; immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression and distribution of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and semi-quantitative analysis was performed; and chemical colorimetric method was used to detect the activities of serum myocardial creatases (aspartate aminotransferase, AST; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; creatine kinase, CK) and malonaldehyde (MDA), and the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD). SPSS statistics 13.0 was used for data analysis. Results The percentage of myocardial infarction mass in model group [(0.241 ± 0.054)%], treatment group [(0.165 ± 0.372)]% and quercetin group [(0.248 ± 0.035)%] was statistically significantly different with that of the sham operation group [(0.01 ± 0.002)%,P＜0.01], and the mass of myocardial infarction in the treatment group was significantly smaller than that in the model group and quercetin group (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression levels of HSP70 between the sham operation group (0.154 ± 0.036), model group (0.151 ± 0.033) and quercetin group [(0.151 ± 0.025), P>0.05], but that of the treatment group (0.286 ± 0.056) was significantly higher than those of the other groups (P＜0.01). Compared with the sham operation group, CK, AST and LDH increased in model group, treatment group and quercetin group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in the treatment group than in the model group and the quercetin group (P＜0.01). Compared with the sham operation group, MDA in the model group and quercetin group increased (P＜0.05), and SOD decreased (P＜0.05). MDA was lower and SOD was higher (P＜0.05 for both) in the treatment group than that in the model group and quercetin group. Conclusion Ala-Gln has a protective effect on myocardial infarction in rats. Its mechanism may be related to the induction of HSP70 expression, reduction of MDA activity and increase of SOD level, thus enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cardiomyocytes and reducing the damage of active free radicals.

Abstract:Interleukin-22 (IL-22) , a member of the IL-10 cytokine family, is secreted by a variety of immune cells. Its receptor (IL-22R) is mainly expressed in non-hematopoietic endothelial cells and stromal cells. IL-22 plays important roles in mucosal barrier defense, tissue repair, epithelial cell survival and proliferation by binding to its receptor. The expression of IL-22 is closely associated with various metabolic diseases, and has become a hot topic in the field of metabolism in recent years. This article reviews the research progress of IL-22 in fatty liver disease, obesity, diabetes and other chronic metabolic diseases.