Abstract:Objective To investigate the change of corrected QT dispersion (QTcd) before and after stone removal by therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and the related influencing factors. Methods A total of 61 patients who underwent therapeutic ERCP for stone removal in our hospital from June 2018 to January 2019 were consecutively enrolled as subjects. Resting 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) was performed before and in 3h and 24h after operation. The patients with QTcd in 3h after operation higher than the value before were assigned into QTcd-increased group, otherwise were into QTcd-reduced group. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0. Student t test or Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups on different data types. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to screen the risk factors of QTcd increase at 3h post-ERCP. Results Among the 61 patients, 1 of them experienced ventricular fibrillation immediately after ERCP, and so complete data were obtained from the left 60 patients. The average QTcd value was (29.05±11.09), (36.00±13.46) and (21.81±10.52)ms respectively, before and at 3h and 24h post-ERCP. The value at 3h after ERCP was significantly higher than those at the other 2 time points (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=15.895,5%CI 2.505-100.853) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, OR=1.039,5%CI 1.003-1.077) were the risk factors for QTcd increase at 3h post-ERCP. Conclusion Therapeutic ERCP can lead to QTcd increase in a short time (3h) after stone removal by ERCP, which suggesting increased risk for malignant arrhythmia at that duration. Female and eGFR are the risk factors for QTcd increase at 3h post-ERCP.

Abstract:Objective To compare the diagnostic value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by various equations of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) in evaluation of the prognosis in the elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and analyze the risk factors for endpoint events. Methods A total of 682 old people, aged over 60 years, who had taken physical examination for 4 consecutive years in our health center during March 2015 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study. The eGFR was evaluated using CKD-EPI equations (CKD-EPICr, CKD-EPICys and CKD-EPICrCys) based on creatinine (Cr), cystatin C (Cys) and combination of them, respectively, and the obtained rate was evaluated for diagnostic value of endpoint events (all-cause death, cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury and rapid kidney function decline). The risk factors for these events were also analyzed. SPSS statistics 23.0 was used to analyze the data. According to the data types, Student′s t test or Chi-square test was used for comparison among groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value, and logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis. Results ROC curve analysis showed that the eGFR from CKD-EPI_cys (AUC=0.692, P<0.001) and CKD-EPICrCys equations (AUC=0.647, P＜0.001) had diagnostic value for the occurrence of endpoint events, with that from the former equation higher. The eGFR from the above 2 equations also identified same independent risk factors for the occurrence of endpoint events, that is, ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine (UACR, OR=2.263, 95%CI 1.359-3.771), hypertension (OR=1.679,5%CI 1.143-2.467), anemia (OR=1.959,5%CI 1.245-3.084) and hospitalization frequency (OR=1.471,5%CI 1.321-1.637). Conclusion CKD-EPI_cys equation shows the greatest advantage in the diagnostic value of prognosis evaluation in the elderly with CKD. UACR, hypertension, anemia and hospitalization frequency are independent risk factors for endpoint events in them.

Abstract:Objective To compare the success rate of 3 different approaches in circumferential pulmonary vein antrum ablation for atrial fibrillation. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 173 patients with atrial fibrillation admitted in the Cardiology Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2015 to June 2017. According to the area of radiofrequency ablation line, they were divided into atrial antrum group (n=61), pulmonary vein antrum group (n=47) and antrum group (n=65). The operation time, X-ray exposure time and ablation time, and the plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal pro B-type brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) just after atrial septal puncture, immediately and 24h after operation were compared in the 3 groups. SPSS statistics 17.0 was used to analyze the data. Single factor variance analysis, rank sum test or Chi-square test was employed to analyze the intergroup comparison. Results The immediate success rate of complete electrical isolation was 84.39%(146/173) in all patients. The ablation time was significantly longer in the atrial antrum group than pulmonary vein antrum group [(120.67±13.12) vs (90.17±6.95)min, P<0.05]. Compared with the levels after atrial septal puncture, the IL-6 level immediately and 24h after operation were increased in all the 3 groups; the 24h NT-proBNP level was elevated in the pulmonary vein antrum group; and the 24h CRP level was higher in the pulmonary vein antrum group than the atrial antrum group [(1.99±1.09) vs (0.40±0.29)mg/L, all P<0.05]. Among them, 161 patients were followed up for 12 months, and 12 patients were lost during follow-up, with a rate of 6.94%(12/173). Recurrence of atrial fibrillation was observed in 27 cases. The success rate of operation was 83.23%(134/161), with the rate significantly higher in the atrial antrum group than in the pulmonary vein antrum group [89.83%(53/59) vs 73.33%(33/45), P<0.05]. Conclusion The approach of atrial antrum is superior to that of pulmonary vein antrum in circumferential pulmonary vein antrum ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of probucol combined with atorvastatin in treatment of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in very old patients. Methods Sixty very old patients (≥80 years old) with carotid atherosclerotic plaques identified by ultrasonography admitted in our department from January 2017 to December 2017 were recruited in this study, and then randomly divided into control group (n=30) and combined treatment group (n=30). Both groups of patients were given oral administration of atorvastatin, while those from the combined treatment group were treated with combination of probucol. The related clinical indices were recorded before and after 36 weeks′ treatment. SPSS statistics 19.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Chi-square test or Student′s t test was employed for comparison between the 2 groups based on different data types. Results The combined treatment group had significantly lower serum total cholesterol [(3.42±1.63) vs (3.83±1.34)mmol/L], triglycerides [(1.80±1.37) vs (1.95±1.65)mmol/L], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [(2.13±1.32) vs (2.63±1.64)mmol/L], neuronal specific enolase [(9.48±6.78) vs (12.31±9.78)mmol/L] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [(3.42±1.36) vs (4.56±3.36)mmol/L], but obviously higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [(1.64±1.01) vs (1.43±1.12)mmol/L] when compared with the control group (all P<0.05). There was no significant differences in all indices concerning safety before and after treatment in the both groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Probucol combined with atorvastatin effectively improves the resistance indices of carotid artery in very old patients, and shows obvious protective effects on oxidation damage and nerve damage with good clinical safety.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of different types of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) on lipid profiles and inflammatory factors in the elderly patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD). Methods A total of 142 elderly CHD patients admitted in our department from January 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent ¹⁴C-urea breath test and H.pylori antibody classification, and were then divided into 3 groups:type Ⅰ H.pylori infection group (n=41), type Ⅱ H.pylori infection group (n=33), and H.pylori negative group (n=68). The severity of coronary artery lesion was recorded at admission. Fasting venous blood samples were collected for the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8. SPSS statistics 23.0 was used to analyze the data. According to the data types, One-way ANOVA, LSD test, Chi-square test, or linear trend test was used for intergroup comparison. Results There were significant diffe-rences in the levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α among the 3 groups (P<0.05). Compared with H.pylori negative group, the type Ⅰand Ⅱ H.pylori infection groups had significantly higher TC and LDL-C level, while the former group also had obviously lower HDL-C (P<0.05). The LDL-C level was markedly higher while that of LDL-C were reduced in the type Ⅰ H.pylori infection group than the type Ⅱ H.pylori infection group (P<0.05). In H.pylori negative group, the proportions of single, 2 and 3 coronary artery lesions accounted for 66.2%(45 cases), 17.6%(12 cases) and 16.2%(11 cases), respectively. While the proportions above were 19.5%(8 cases), 36.6%(15 cases) and 43.9%(18 cases) in type Ⅰ H.pylori infection group, and 36.4%(12 cases), 30.3%(10 cases) and 33.3%(11 cases) in type Ⅱ H.pylori infection group. Linear trend test showed that there were significant differences in internal composition of the severity of coronary artery lesion among the 3 groups (χ²=20.79, P<0.001). Conclusion H.pylori infection, especially that of type I, is associated with increased levels of inflammatory factors and deterioration of dyslipidemia in elderly CHD patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the changes of serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), ferritin (SF) and bilirubin levels in the elderly patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and explore their clinical significances. Methods Ninety patients with simple type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM group) and 90 patients with confirmed DPN (DPN group) hospitalized in our department from January 2016 to July 2017 were recruited in this study. Their levels of NSE, SF, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were measured and compared between 2 groups. SPSS statistics 16.0 was used to analyze the data. According to the data type, Student′s t test or Chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the independent risk factors for DPN. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze the cut-off points of NSE, SF and bilirubin in prediction of DNP. Results The levels of FPG, HbA1c, LDL-C, TC, TG, NSE and SF were significantly higher in the DPN group than the T2DM group, while those of HDL-C, TBIL, DBIL and IBIL were decreased significantly (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the increases of serum NSE, SF, FPG and HbA1c levels and the decreases of IBIL and HDL-C levels were independent risk factors for DPN in T2DM patients (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut-off point, area under ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of DPN predicted by NSE, SF and IBIL were 13.61μg/L, 0.855,9.33%, 80.26%; 589.6ng/ml, 0.782,1.30%, 73.26%; and 11.40mmol/L, 0.760,7.09%, 77.43%, respectively. Conclusion The occurrenceof DPN in T2DMpatients is affected by many factors. The increases of serum NSE and SF levels and the decreases of serum IBIL level may be related to its occurrence, and the detection of their levels may be of great significances in the diagnosis of DPN.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the efficacy of nimodipine combined with edaravone in the treatment of the elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods From April 2017 to October 2018,6 elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted in our department were recruited, and then randomly divided into study group (n=48) and control group (n=48). The control group was treated with nimodipine and the study group was treated with nimodipine combined with edaravone. The clinical efficacy; score of the National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS); blood oxygen indices, such as, oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂), hemoglobin (Hb), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂), total hemoglobin (HbT), and oxidative stress response indices, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. Student′s t test or Chi-square test was employed for the com-parison between groups. Results The total effective rate was statistically higher in the study group than in the control group [95.83%(46/48) vs 75.00%(36/48), χ²=12.080, P＝0.001]. After treatment, the study group had significantly higher HbO₂ [(4.16±0.57)% vs (3.26±0.46)%], SpO₂ [(66.32±5.51)% vs (59.64±4.93)%] and HbT [(4.48±0.86) vs (3.62±0.88)g/L], and obviously lower Hb [(0.42±0.16) vs (0.56±0.22)g/L], SOD [(42.65±6.88) vs (48.56±8.09)U/ml],MDA [(2.28±0.58) vs (3.78±0.85)mmol/L], hs-CRP [(8.12±2.04) vs (12.87±4.26)mg/L] and NIHSS score [(13.13±5.74) vs (18.92±4.60)] when compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the study group than in the control group [16.67%(8/48) vs 39.58%(18/48), χ²=6.235, P=0.013]. Conclusion Nimodipine combined with edaravone is effective in the treatment of elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Abstract:Objective To investigate safety and feasibility of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via ipsilateral brachial artery approach for complex coronary artery lesions after unsuccessful radial artery puncture. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 141 patients with complex coronary artery lesions, who were treated by PCI via femoral artery approach and brachial artery approach after unsuccessful radial artery puncture in Chinese PLA General Hospital from December 2014 to December 2017. They were divided into femoral group (n=83) and brachial group (n=58). The two groups were compared in success rate, incidence of com-plications, postoperative quality of life, and length of hospitalization. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Student′s t test, Wilcoxon rank test, or Chi-square test was employed for comparison between groups. Results There was no significant difference in the operation time [(108.35±40.55) vs (104.33±43.57)min, P＞0.05] and success rate [(95.2%(79/83) vs 91.3%(53/58), P>0.05] between two groups. The brachial group, however, showed a lower incidence of complications (5.17%(3/58) vs 10.84%(9/83)], higher quality of life [(46.15±15.34) vs (33.00±18.01)score], milder anxiety [(51.22±30.11) vs (35.00±27.18) score], and shorter average hospitalization [(4.74±1.25) vs (2.52±1.09)d], the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05 for all). Conclusion PCI via brachial artery approach after unsuccessful radial artery puncture improves post-operative quality of life and psychological state of patients without compromising success rate.

Abstract:Objective To explore the influencing factors associated with cognitive dysfunction in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 204 hospitalized T2DM old patients (≥60 years old) admitted in our department from June 2017 to May 2018 were enrolled in the study. According to the result of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, they were divided into the cognitive dysfunction group (n=98) and normal cognitive function group (n=106). The indicators of physical examination and laboratory tests were collected. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. SPSS statistics 19.0 was used for data analysis, and Chi-square test, Student′s t test or Mann-Whitney U test was employed for comparison between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. Results The cognitive dysfunction group was older in age [(68.4±7.7) vs (66.0±6.7)years], and had significantly higher proportions of the patients with osteoporosis [35.71%(35/98) vs19.81%(21/106)] and eGFR <60ml/(min·1.73m²) [26.53%(26/98) vs 12.26%(13/106)], but lower MoCA score [(20.36±4.07) vs (27.02±1.49)] and shorter educational duration [(8.85±4.14) vs (12.35±3.30)years] when compared with the normal cognitive function group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.05,5%CI 1.01-1.10; P=0.011) and eGFR <60ml/(min·1.73m²) (OR=2.15,5%CI 1.08-4.26; P=0.029) were independent risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions Age and eGFR <60ml/(min·1.73m²) are risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in the elderly with T2DM. So, controlling blood glucose and monitoring renal function are helpful to prevent the occurrence and progress of cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract:Objective To observe the incidence of acute lower respiratory tract infection and its influence on cardiovascular events in the elderly patients with stable coronary heart disease. Methods The study enrolled 168 elderly patients with stable coronary heart disease who were treated in Panzhihua Central Hospital from February 2015 to February 2017. The patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group according to occurrence of acute lower respiratory tract infection. The two groups were compared in the white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet distribution width (PDW) level, and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and other clinical data. During the follow-up of 6 months, the two groups were observed for the incidence of cardiovascular events and compared in clinical pulmonary infection scale (CPIS). Data processing was performed using SPSS statistics 17.0. Depending on the data type, Student′s t test or Chi-square test was performed for comparison between groups. Results Among 168 patients, 68(40.48%) were complicated with lower respiratory tract infection. The infection group were significantly higher than the non-infection group in WBC [(9.87±0.95)×10⁹/L vs (6.42±0.84)×10⁹/L] and RDW [(13.92±0.98)% vs (13.05±1.02)%], PDW [(11.78±1.02)% vs (11.01±0.94)%] and BNP [(852.68±9.35) vs (215.71±10.04)pg/ml] but significantly lower in LVEF [(56.49±7.82)% vs(60.02±6.18)%] (P< 0.001). The incidence of cardiovascular events was significantly higher in the infection group than in the non-infection group [36.76%(25/68) vs 5.00%(5/100),P<0.001]. CPIS scores were significantly higher in the patients with cardiovascular events than those without [(1.58±0.23) vs (1.01±0.19), P<0.001]. Conclusion The incidence of acute lower respiratory tract infection is high in elderly patients with stable coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular events are more likely to occur in the patients complicated with lower respiratory tract infection, suggesting that attention should be paid to the prevention of respiratory tract infection in patients with coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of genipin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated hyperpermeability and its possible mechanism. Methods In vitro experiment:human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were divided into 4 groups, that is, control group (DMSO, 0.1% DMSO for 24.5h), model group (DMSO+LPS, same concentration of DMSO pretreatment for 0.5h followed by 500ng/ml LPS for 24h), treatment group (genipin+LPS, 50μmol pretreatment with genipin for 0.5h followed by same LPS treatment), and inhibitor group (genipin+EX527+LPS, 0.5h pretreatment of 10μmol EX527 and 50μmol genipin and then same dose of LPS). The Pa value (representing endothelial permeability) was tested by Transwell chamber test, activity of cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases 3 (caspase-3) was measured by fluorescence intensity with microplate reader, Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) level was detected by Western blotting, the change of mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by MitoProbeTM JC-1 assay kit, and apoptosis rate was tested by TUNEL. In vivo experiment:24 female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The rats of control, model, treatment and inhibitor groups were respectively injected with 0.5ml DMSO pretreated and 0.5ml normal saline (DMSO+normal saline), 0.5ml DMSO pretreatment followed by 10mg/kg LPS treatment (DMSO+LPS), 5mg/kg of genipin pretreatment and then LPS treatment (genipin+LPS), and pretreatment of 5mg/kg genipin and 5mg/kg EX527 and LPS treatment (genipin+EX527+LPS). The pretreatment time lasted for 30min in all the groups. The vascular permeability ΔI was measured by FITC-albumin fluorescence assay, and expression level of SIRT1 was detected with Western blotting in 60min after LPS or normal saline injection. SPSS statistics 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. According to the data type, single factor analysis of variance, LSD multiple comparison or Tamhane′s T2 test was used for intergroup comparison, and single factor repeated measurement analysis of variance was used for intragroup comparison. Results In vitro experiment:compared with control group [Pa:1.00±0.04; caspase-3 activity:100.0±4.4; JC-1 green/red fluorescence ratio:(100.0±4.8)%; apoptosis rate:(2.3±1.4)%; SIRT1:(100.0±8.9)%], Pa value, caspase-3 activity, JC-1 green/red fluorescence ratio and apoptosis rate were significantly increased in the model group [1.68±0.09, 216.0±23.5, (343.0±28.3)%, (40.8±8.9)%], treatment group [1.35±0.07,5.0±15.0, (220.0±13.3)%, (28.2±6.6)%] and inhibitor group [1.60±0.10,2.0±16.5, (309.0±18.5)%, (38.0±9.5)%], and the expression level of SIRT1 level was decreased[(61.0±8.5)%, (86.7±7.6)%, and (64.3±4.8)% respectively]. Compared with the model group, the former indices in treatment group were reduced obviously, while SIRT1 level was increased (P<0.05). Compared with the treatment group, the Pa, caspase-3, JC-1 green/red ratio and apoptosis rate were elevated significantly in the inhibitor group, while the expression of SIRT1 was decreased significantly (P<0.05). In vivo experiment:the blood pressure of rats in the model, treatment and inhibitor groups were decreased significantly (P<0.05) after LPS injection for 30 and 60min when compared with the values before LPS pretreatment and those of the control group, but there was no significant difference in blood pressure among the 3 groups (P<0.05). Compared with the control group [SIRT1:(100.0±4.0)%, ΔI:(0.12±0.03)], the expression level of SIRT1 was decreased while ΔI was increased in the model group [(49.3±8.3)%, 0.54±0.07], the treatment group [(87.3±4.7)%, 0.32±0.05], and the inhibitor group [(55.3±4.9)%, (0.53±0.06)]. When compared with the model group, the expression of SIRT1 was increased, and ΔI was decreased significantly in the treatment group, but the level was significantly decreased and ΔI was significantly increased in the inhibitor group. Statistical significances were seen in above indicators (P<0.05). Conclusion Genipine inhibits LPS-mediated hyperpermeability by inhibiting the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic signal, and this effect may be related to the up-regulation of SIRT1.

Abstract:Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), a secreted circulating glycoprotein, belongs to a family of proteins structurally similar to the angiopoietins. It has been reported that the expression of ANGPTL2 is associated closely with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. So, the molecule becomes a research hotspot in the field of diabetes mellitus. This paper reviews the biological characteristics of ANGPTL2 and its research progress in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Abstract:Sarcopenia is a degenerative syndrome characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass, strength and function. It is closely related to aging, but some diseases like chronic kidney disease can accelerate muscle wasting and increase the incidence of sarcopenia. Those patients suffering from chronic kidney disease are prone to sarcopenia, and its mechanisms include inflammatory responses, protein energy wasting, reduced exercise and vitamin D deficiency. Early identification and intervention for sarcopenia is essential for improving the quality of life in the patients with chronic kidney disease complicated with sarcopenia. At present, the intervention measures mainly include physical exercise, nutrition supplement and drug treatment. This paper reviews the recent research progress in the pathogenesis, mechanism and treatment of chronic kidney disease complicated with sarcopenia.

Abstract:Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are signs of aging and chronic degenerative diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be the initiating factor of aging in which process oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage occurs at varying degrees, resulting in impaired energy metabolism, cell dysfunction, and even death of cells. At the same time, the persistent low-level inflammatory response of aging organisms can impair the activation of the immune system through a variety of functions and the role of inflammatory metabolites in regulating immune response also can provide evidence for intervening the pathological process of age-related diseases.

Abstract:Long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs)are defined as a non-coding RNAs with no protein coding capability which are composed of over 200 nucleotides. With the rapid development of gene sequencing and gene chip, a growing number of studies have shown that LncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases in humans by regulating cellular immunity, epigenetics, gene transcription and post-transcriptional regulation for gene expression regulation. In recent years, with the change of living habits and dietary structure, the incidence of gout is on the rise. More studies have shown that LncRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of gout, especially in regulating inflammatory signaling pathways which are associated with gout. This article reviews the relationship of LncRNAs and inflammatory signaling pathways which were associated with gout, in order to further reveal the pathogenesis of gout and provide new methods for early prevention and treatment of gout and its complications.

Abstract:The degree of frailty in the elderly can reflect physical condition, Identification of risk factors can facilitate intervention in frailty and improve the prognosis and quality of life in the elderly. Studies have found that obesity is related to frailty and that body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) can be used to evaluate the degree of obesity. BMI serves as an indicator of the degree of obesity, and WC is closely related to metabolic disorders. This paper reviews the research progress on obesity and frailty using BMI and WC as indicators with a view to clarifying the relationship between them and providing new insights for clinical intervention in frailty.