Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors, with insidious onset and slow progression. It is also one of the most common types of dementia, and has become a major challenge for global health and social care. Research has found that the pathogenesis of AD is closely associated with the factors such as excessive deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ), abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein to form neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Evidence shows a certain correlation between infectious viral infections and the occurrence and development of AD. Infectious viral infections promote the progression of AD through pathways such as neuroinflammation, Aβ, and oxidative stress. In this article, we review the common factors between infectious virus infection and AD and elucidate their relationships. In addition, we take a typical infectious virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, as an example to illustrate its impact on the occurrence of AD to explore the possible interactions between viral infection and AD in order to provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of AD.