Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common clinical retinal vascular disease, especially in the elderly population. In the context of population aging, there are more and more elderly suffering from RVO. However, up to now, the pathogenesis of RVO has not been fully revealed, and its clinical treatment mainly adopts etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment. A standardized treatment regimen has not been developed yet. Based on this, we conducted a systematic literature review on RVO in the elderly in order to provide important guidance for the early prevention and treatment management of RVO. In this article, we reviewed the diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis and risk factors, clinical treatment of RVO in the elderly.