Objective To survey the mental health status in elderly patients with uterine prolapse and investigate its influence on quality of life in them. Methods A total of 280 elderly patients with uterine prolapse admitted in our hospital from May 2018 to May 2023 were enrolled and served as the study subjects. Their clinical data were collected. Depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21) and World Health Organization quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) were employed to evaluate the mental health status and quality of life of the patients, respectively. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data analysis. Based on different data type, t test or one-way analysis of variance was applied for intergroup comparison. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for the correlation between mental health status and various dimensions of quality of life. Multivariate linear regression model was established to determine the effect of mental health status on quality of life after controlling the other potential influencing factors. Results The scores of depression dimension, anxiety dimension and stress dimension of DASS-21 scale were (10.79±3.33), (9.90±2.24) and (13.79±4.06) points, respectively in the 280 patients, and there were 46.07% (129/280), 52.14% (146/280) and 49.29% (138/280) of patients with depression, anxiety and stress, separately. The scores of physiological health, mental health, social relation and environment dimensions of WHOQOL-BREF in the elderly patients were obviously lower than those of domestic norms (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the scores of depression, anxiety and stress were negatively correlated with the scores of physiological health (r=-0.421, -0.396, -0.382; P<0.05), of mental health (r=-0.378, -0.435, -0.416; P<0.05), of social relation (r=-0.342, -0.365, -0.359, P<0.05) and of environment (r=-0.364, -0.387, -0.375; P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that uterine prolapse stage Ⅲ, depression, anxiety and stress were relevant factors of physiological health, mental health, social relation and environment (P<0.05), and comorbidity was a relevant factor of physiological health, mental health and social relation (P<0.05). Conclusion The mental health status of elderly patients with uterine prolapse, especially depression, anxiety and stress, significantly affects various dimensions of their quality of life.