Objective To analyze the factors affecting postoperative visual quality in the patients with age-related cataract. Methods The clinical data of 2 134 patients with age-related cataract treated at the Ophthalmology Department of the 910th Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force from April 2020 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative visual quality of patients was evaluated using the questionnaire of visual function and quality of life, and SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis. Comparison between two groups was performed using t test or variance analysis depending on data type. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting postoperative visual quality. Results The scores of visual adaptation, subjective vision, stereovision and peripheral vision, mental state, mobility, self-care ability and social ability were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The total score of postoperative visual quality [(76.64±11.37) points] was significantly higher than that before surgery [(55.72±10.89) points] , and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). General data such as age, history of diabetes, preoperative dry eye symptoms, corneal astigmatism, pupil size, high myopia, and clinical data such as surgical incision size, phacoemulsification mode, intraocular lens type, effective position of the intraocular lens, postoperative dry eye symptoms had significant effects on postoperative visual quality (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, corneal astigmatism, high myopia, phacoemulsification mode, effective position of the intraocular lens, and postoperative dry eye symptoms were the factors affecting postoperative visual quality (β=0.832,0.215,0.314,1.136,0.763,0.833; P<0.05). Conclusion The postoperative visual quality of patients with age-related cataract is affected by such factors as age, corneal astigmatism, high myopia, and phacoemulsification mode. It is necessary to improve the postoperative visual quality of the patients by focusing on the above influencing factors.