Objective To compare the efficacy of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (PKRP) versus transurethral vaporization of prostate (TUVP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A total of 126 patients with BPH admitted in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled, and randomly divided into PKRP group and TUVP group. Data were processed using SPSS statistics 19.0. Student′s t test or Chi-square test was applied for comparison between the two groups depending on different data types. Results The postoperative bladder irrigation time, indwelling catheter time, time of postoperative painful urination, postoperative bleeding time and postoperative length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the PKRP group than the TUVP group (all P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in operation time, weight of resected tissue and incidence rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). In 1 year after surgery, the scores of international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life score (QOL), as well as maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume (RUV) and prostate weight were decreased in both groups when compared with the levels before operation (P<0.05), but no significant differences were seen in the above indicators between the two groups at 1 year after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion Both TUVP and PKRP can effectively improve lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life in BPH patients. But PKRP has the advantages of precise surgical procedures, better hemostatic effectiveness, high intraoperative safety and mild postoperative pain.