As one of the most common cancers in men, prostate cancer seriously threatens their health and safety. There are many challenges of prostate cancer in prediction, diagnosis and prognosis. Although biomarkers for the prostate cancer have shown certain clinic significance, they still have limitations when used alone. Accurate diagnosis, prevention of excessive biopsies, and construction of a diagnostic system of combined biomarkers are still trending research topics in the detection of prostate cancer. Here we analyze the cha-llenges in the detection of prostate cancer and review the research progress in biomarkers and related detection systems of prostate cancer.