Objective To investigate whether the reduction of bone strength is related to its microscopic energy dissipation in case of osteoporosis. Methods Femoral head specimens from 24 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty in the Orthopaedics Department of the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2016 and December 2016 were subjected in this study. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength were measured for all the samples, and the samples with similar BMD but significant different mechanical properties were used to investigate the change of bone strength by Young′s modulus. SPSS statistics 23.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis. One way ANOVA was employed for comparison between groups. Results The samples No.1 and No.3 were selected as the objectives, and their BMD value was 322.29 and 327.12mg/cm³, and the energy required for fracture was (1.05±0.09) and (0.44±0.04) J, respectively. Their BMD values were quite similar, but the difference of energy required for fracture was statistically significant between the 2 samples (P<0.01). The Young′s modulus value of sample No. 1 distributed in a scattered manner, while that of the other sample distributed relatively uniform in the both side of a central vertical line as axis, and the modulus value at upper part was lower, and at lower part is higher. The Young′s modulus value was (12.17±0.94) and (13.55±0.72) GPa, respectively, for the samples No. 1 and 3. Conclusion Osteoporosis may lead to nanoscale heterogeneity changes in bone, and thus change energy dissipation and affect bone strength.